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Achieva 1.5 t system

Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in Netherlands

The Achieva 1.5 T system is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device produced by Philips. It is a 1.5 Tesla superconducting MRI system designed for clinical diagnostic imaging. The system provides high-quality images for a variety of medical applications.

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7 protocols using achieva 1.5 t system

1

Diffusion-Weighted MRI Protocol Comparison

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DW-MRI images were acquired using Achieva 1.5 T system (Philips Medical system, Eindhoven, Netherlands)—5 patients—or a Magnetom Avanto 1.5 T system (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany)—13 patients—both with a body-matrix coil and spine array coil for signal reception. The data were acquired axially by means of echo planar imaging. The sequences’ parameters (for both equipment) are reported in Table 1. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) were acquired using four b values (50, 400, 800, and 1000 s/mm2).

MRI sequence parameters by MRI scanners

Sequence parameterSTS databaseOPC database
Siemens Avanto (n = 13)Philips Achieva (n = 5)Siemens Avanto (n = 18)
Sequence nameep2ddwi_sshep2d
Matrix (pixels)192 × 192255 × 255132 × 132
Resolution (voxel/mm)1.98 × 1981.37 × 1.371.89 × 1.89
Field of view (mm)380 × 380350 × 350250 × 250
Repetition time (msec)540074103300
Echo time (msec)786364
Slice thickness (mm)4 (no gap)5 (no gap)3 (gap 0.9)
Number of excitations433
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2

Multi-Parametric MRI Protocol for Abdominal Imaging

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MRI was performed on a Philips Achieva 1.5 T system (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). In addition to routine T2-weighted high-resolution fast spin echo (T2w) images, an extended echo-planar imaging based DW MRI sequence with seven b-values of b = 0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 1300 s/mm2 and a dynamic multi-echo contrast MRI sequence with three echoes with echo times (TE) = 4.6, 13.9 and 23.2 ms was collected. The latter was acquired using a split dynamic acquisition9 (link), using a bolus injection of 0.2 ml/kg body weight of Dotarem® (279.3 mg/ml, Guerbert Roissy, France) directly followed by a 20 ml saline solution. Further details regarding the image acquisitions are found in Supplementary Table S1 and in11 (link),17 (link). To reduce bowel movement, glucagon (1 mg/ml, 1 ml intramuscularly) and Buscopan® (10 mg/ml, 1 ml intravenously) were administered before scanning. The Buscopan® injection was repeated before the acquisition of the dynamic images.
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3

Efficient MRI Image Subsampling and Reconstruction

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In order to explore the ability of GP-based sampling and reconstruction to effectively subsample MR images, we first needed to establish a training set of data. In particular, we selected the IXI dataset, which contains 600 3D MRI datasets of healthy brains, some taken at 1.5 T and some taken at 3.0 T36 . To partition the dataset into testing and training portions, we selected 7391 2D 256 ×150 pixel axial images Ix from T1-weighted 3D MR datasets in NIFTI format, reshaped them into N0×N1 pixel images, where N0=256 and N1=200 , and then zero-padded the left and right edges to make the images into N0×N0 squares with each pixel representing 1.2 × 1.2 mm2. For each image, the intensity Ix was normalized by its max(I(x)) . These images were then converted to k -space data I~(k) using a FFT and cropped to retain the central N×N ( N=160 ) region for computational efficiency. These k -space data were randomly divided into n1=6822 , n2=69 , and n3=500 partitions for training and testing. Additional diffusion weighted images were collected as 2D MR images using a Philips Achieva 1.5 T system with a gradient b=1000  s/mm2 (b1000) and the apparent diffusion coefficient map (ADC) was calculated.
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4

Multimodal MRI for Cancer Staging

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MRI was performed on a Philips Achieva 1.5-T system (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands). In addition to MRI for staging, the participants underwent both a dynamic multiecho MRI with an exogenous contrast agent (9, 11) and an extended DW sequence. Details of the MRI sequences are found in Appendix E1 (online).
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5

Multiparametric MRI Protocol for Brain Tumors

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All patients received diagnostic work-up MRI consisting of fast-spin echo T2-weighted images and a diffusion weighted sequence. The T2-weighted images were obtained in the sagittal and transversal direction, as well as perpendicular to the tumour axis (axial, or oblique-axial), with repetition time (TR) = 2820–3040 ms, echo time (TE) 80 ms, slice thickness = 2.5 mm, number of averages = 6 and echo train length = 20. In addition, the patients underwent a multi-echo dynamic contrast enhanced sequence with an exogenous contrast agent (Dotarem 279.3 mg/mL, Guerbet Roissy, France). This sequence was obtained as a 3D multishot EPI sequence with three echoes, echo times = 4.6, 13.9, 23.2 ms, repetition time = 39 ms, and flip angle 39°, time resolution varied between 1.9 and 2.5 s. The acquired matrix size was 92 × 90 over a 180 × 180 field of view and a 10 mm slice thickness with the image plane the same as the T2-weighted axial or oblique-axial image. The MRI was performed on a Philips Achieva 1.5 T system (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands). More details of the MRI sequences have been published earlier [15] (link).
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6

Preoperative Medial Meniscus Evaluation

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We used a picture archiving and communication system (FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) to measure the Kellgren-Lawrence grade and FTA on the preoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee was performed preoperatively and at the 1-year follow-up using the Achieva 1.5 T system (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands) under non-weight-bearing standardized conditions, as described previously [14] . The MRI-based medial meniscus body width (MMBW) was defined as the distance from the inner boundary to the outer boundary on a line passing through the anterior and posterior midpoint of the medial meniscus on a coronal slice. The absolute medial meniscus extrusion (aMME) was measured between the most medial margin of the meniscus and the most medial aspect of the tibia. The relative MME (rMME) was calculated using the following formula: 100 × aMME / MMBW (%) [5] .
The MMBW, aMME, and rMME were calculated preoperatively and at the 1-year follow-up. Two orthopedic surgeons performed each measurement twice with a 2-week interval between measurements in a blinded manner. Intra-and interobserver reliability for MMBW and MME were 0.93/0.89 and 0.92/0.88, respectively.
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7

Diffusion-Weighted MRI Imaging Protocol

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DWI MRI images were acquired using Achieva 1.5T system (Philips Medical system Achieva, Nederlands) (6 patients) or a Magnetom Avanto 1.5T system (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) (13 patients), both with a body-matrix coil and spine array coil for signal reception. The data were acquired axially by means of echo planar imaging, the sequences' parameters (for both equipment) are reported in Table 2. DWI images were acquired using four b-values (namely, 50, 400, 800, and 1000 s/mm 2 )
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