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22 protocols using jem 1230 transmission

1

Negative Staining and Cryo-EM of Extracellular Vesicles

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For negative staining, vesicles were adsorbed onto glow-discharged Formvar-Carbon Niquel grids, washed with distilled water and stained with freshly prepared 2% uranyl acetate in aqueous suspension. Negative stained samples were imaged at room temperature using a JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL) equipped with a thermionic tungsten filament and operated at an acceleration voltage of 120 kV. Images were taken using the ORIUS SC1000 (4008 × 2672 pixels) cooled slow-scan CCD camera (GATAN). For cryo-electron microscopy, EV preparations were directly adsorbed onto glow-discharged holey carbon grids (QUANTIFOIL, Germany). Grids were blotted at 95% humidity and rapidly plunged into liquid ethane with the aid of a VITROBOT (Maastricht Instruments BV, The Netherlands). Vitrified samples were imaged at liquid nitrogen temperature using a JEM-2200FS/CR transmission cryo-electron microscope (JEOL, Japan) equipped with a field emission gun and operated at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV.
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2

Comprehensive Materials Characterization

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The FTIR spectra of the samples were recorded using an FTIR spectrometer (BRUKER QEUINOX-55) and KBr pellets. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was obtained with a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, S-4800, operating voltage, 5 kV, Japan). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were carried out using an ESCALAB 250Xi spectrometer (Al Kα ∼ 1486.6 eV). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were collected on a JEM-1230 transmission electronic microscope (JEOL, model 2100). X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained using a Bruker AXS D8 diffractometer with a monochromatic Cu-Kα radiation source (λ = 0.15418 nm), and the scan range (2θ) was 5° to 70°.
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3

TEM Imaging of DNA Origami Structures

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TEM imaging was carried out using a JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL) operating at 80 kV. For sample preparation 5–10 µL of a solution containing (silicified) DNA origami structures were deposited on glow-discharged TEM grids (formvar/carbon-coated, 300 mesh Cu; TED Pella, Inc.) for at least 1 min, depending on sample concentration. For visualization, bare origami structures were negatively stained by briefly washing the grid with 5 µL of a 2% uranyl formate (UFO) solution followed by staining with UFO for 10−30 s. Silicified DNA origami were not stained, but washed twice with MilliQ water.
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4

Ultrastructural Analysis of Tumor-MDSCs

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Tumor-MDSC were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium cacodylate (NaCac) buffer, pH 7.4, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide in NaCac, stained in block with 2% uranyl acetate, dehydrated with a graded ethanol series, and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin. Thin sections were cut with a diamond knife on a Leica EM UC6 ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems, Inc, Bannockburn, IL), collected on copper grids and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Tissue was observed in a JEM 1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA) at 110 kV and imaged with an UltraScan 4000 CCD camera & First Light Digital Camera Controller (Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA). Quantitative analysis was performed with ImageJ. (NIH, LOCI, University of Wisconsin-Madison)
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5

Quantification of Quantum Dot Size

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A diluted solution of QDs or QD bioconjugates (0.2–0.5 μM) was dropped onto 400 Mesh copper-carbon grids and then dried at environmental conditions. Samples were stained with uranyl acetate 0.5% prior to their observation. Images were acquired using a JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Peabody, MA, USA) operated at 100 kV. At least 10 different locations on the TEM grid were examined. Particle size was determine using Image J software (Bethesda, MD, USA). The diameter was calculated considering perfectly spherical shape of at least 50 different particles.
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6

Visualizing MS2 Virus-Like Particles

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Samples of purified MS2 VLPs were diluted to 0.05 mg/mL, centrifuged at maximum speed for 15 min, and additionally filtered through 0.1 μm membrane filters (VWR). Samples were then applied onto hydrophilized carbon-coated copper grids (STEM Co.), negatively stained with 1% uranyl acetate, and visualized using a JEOL JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (TEM) at 80 kV.
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7

Visualizing MS2 Virus-Like Particles

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Samples of purified MS2 VLPs were diluted to 0.05 mg/mL, centrifuged at maximum speed for 15 min, and additionally filtered through 0.1 μm membrane filters (VWR). Samples were then applied onto hydrophilized carbon-coated copper grids (STEM Co.), negatively stained with 1% uranyl acetate, and visualized using a JEOL JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (TEM) at 80 kV.
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8

Cell Ultrastructure Analysis Protocol

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All the treated cells were stained with Wright-Giemsa and observed under AX80 optical microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The cellular ultrastructure was observed under a JEM1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan). Additional details are provided in Supplementary Detailed methods.
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9

Ultrastructural Analysis of Mouse Cardiac Tissue

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Freshly dissected cardiac tissues from the left ventricle of mice were dissected into pieces of approximately 1 mm2 and immediately immersed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for fixation, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C. Subsequently, they were fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone, and embedded in epoxy resin. Next, the samples were sectioned into 70-nm slices using an ultramicrotome, followed by double staining with 3% uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Last, the prepared samples were observed using a JEM1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan).
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10

Electron Microscopy of Exosomes

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Transmission electron microscopy was done as previously described [58 (link),59 (link)]. Exosomes were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and loaded onto formvar carbon coated grids. Exosomes adhered to carbon grids were PBS washed and immuno-stained with anti-CD63 antibody (BD Biosciences) or anti-Calnexin (EMD Millipore) overnight at 4°C. Grids were washed and incubated with 6 nm gold conjugated secondary antibody (Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 h at room temperature. Exosomes were then fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, washed, contrasted in 1% uranyl acetate and imaged with a JEOL JEM 1230 transmission electron microscope.
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