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BALB/c is a strain of albino laboratory mice. BALB/c mice are commonly used in biomedical research, particularly for immunological studies and the development of monoclonal antibodies.

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373 protocols using balb c

1

Evaluating SUMOi Therapy in Mouse Tumor Models

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BALB/c (4–6 weeks old, female) and C57Bl6/J (4 to 6 weeks old, female) mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (C57Bl6/J: 027; BALB/c: 028). BALB/c mice were injected (s.c.) with 2 million CT26-EpCAM cells into the right flank. When the tumor size reached 2 × 2 mm, mice were randomized and i.v. treated with 2 doses of 7.5 mg/kg SUMOi or appropriate vehicle control on days 1 and 4. Mice were euthanized 24 hours after receiving the second dose. Flow cytometric analysis of the tumors was carried out as previously described (67 (link)). C57Bl6/J mice were treated with SUMOi following the same scheme. E-myc [B6.Cg-Tg(IghMyc)22Bri/J] mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory (stock no. 002728). Male and female mice were examined twice a week and euthanized as soon as lymph nodes were well-palpable (5 mm diameter) or any of the approved thresholds were reached.
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2

Genetically Engineered Mouse Model for Cancer Research

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All animal work was carried out under UK Home Office Project Licences 70/7413 and P6AB1448A granted under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (Establishment Licence, X702B0E74 70/2902), and was approved by the “Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body” at The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR). Mice with a genetic deletion in Endo180 (Mrc2)15 (link) were backcrossed for at least six generations with either BALB/c or C57BL/6 (Charles River) mice. Genotypes were confirmed by PCR. Endo180−/− colonies were maintained at the ICR. Aged-matched 6–8 week-old female BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Charles River. Animals were housed in IVC type cages which are run under negative airflow. Mice were companion held, had food and water ad libitum and monitored daily by ICR Biological Services Unit staff. Animal holding rooms were maintained within the parameters recommended in the Home Office Code of Practice with temperatures being 21 °C +/− 2 °C, humidity 55% +/− 10% and a light cycle of 12 h dark/light. In all cases, experiments were terminated if the primary tumour reached a maximum allowable diameter of 17 mm or if a mouse showed signs of ill health.
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3

Murine Models of Hemostasis and Thrombosis

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BALB/c, C57BL/6, and splenectomized BALB/c mice were purchased from Charles River Canada. IL-4Rα/GPIbα-tg [91 (link)], GPIb−/− [92 (link)], β3−/− [93 (link)], and Asgr2−/− [94 (link)] mice were gifts from J. Ware, Z. M. Ruggeri, R. O. Hynes, and K. Hoffmeister, respectively. FVIII-deficient (FVIIInull) mice were a gift from H. Kazazian. 2bF8Tg mice, which are transgenic animals with platelet-specific human B domain-deleted FVIII expression, were generated by lentiviral transgenesis as previously reported [60 (link),95 (link)]. All mice were used between 8 and 16 weeks for experiments. All animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of either the St. Michael’s Hospital, Canada, or the Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
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4

Mammary Tumor Xenograft Model in Immunodeficient Mice

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Rag2−/Il2rg−/− (bred in-house, Balb/c background strain) or Balb/c (Charles River Laboratories, UK; acclimatised for 2 weeks) mice were housed in individually ventilated cages with enrichment (3–5 mice per cage) in temperature-controlled rooms with access to water and food ad libitum. At >6 weeks of age, female mice were anaesthetised (2% isoflurane in oxygen (2 l/min)) and 5 × 105 MDA-MB-231 (Rag2/−Il2rg−/−), 1 × 105 EMT6 or 1 × 105 4T1 (Balb/c) cells (suspended in Matrigel, 50% v/v in saline, 50 µl of volume) were injected into the left inguinal mammary fat pad. Animal weight, condition and tumour growth (calliper measurement) were monitored daily. Where possible, tumour volume was calculated from weekly multislice 1H scans; otherwise, tumour volumes were calculated from calliper measurements (modified ellipsoidal formula, volume = 1/2(length × width2) [32 (link)]. Mice were euthanized at <5 weeks after cell implantation or at 15-mm tumour diameter and tumours isolated.
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5

In vivo biodistribution of 89Zr-labeled antibody

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3 female NOD/SCID gamma (NSG) (The Jackson Laboratory) and 3 BALB/c (Charles River) mice were each given a 100-μCi dose (~20 μg) of [89Zr]-DFO-H1.2F3 via tail vein, while 2 BALB/c mice were each given a 100-μCi dose of [89Zr]-DFO-abISO (isotype control) via tail vein. Mice were sacrificed 72 hours after radiotracer injection. Major organs were harvested and total radioactive uptake per organ was determined by γ-counter (Perkin Elmer).
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6

Andrographolide and Arsenic Oxide Inhibit Xenograft Tumor Growth

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Thirty-two male BALB/c six-week-old nude mice were purchased from Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). The mice were housed in a pathogen-free environment and all animals received human care according to Chinese legal requirements. HepG2 cells (3 × 106 cells) were injected subcutaneously into the dorsal flanks of mice. Tumor volumes were calculated as V (mm3) = 0.5 × L × W× H. When the tumor volume reached 200 mm3, the tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into four groups. The mice were administered intraperitoneal injections (i.p.) of vehicle control (0.1% DMSO), andrographolide (20 mg/kg), As2O3 (5 mg/kg), or the As2O3 with andrographolide (“combination treatment”) for five weeks. The body weights and tumor volumes of xenografts were monitored weekly. At the end of the study, the mice were euthanized, and the tumors were harvested and weighed. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with protocols approved by The United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Prevention Research’s Guidelines for the Welfare of Animals in Experimental Neoplasia.
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7

In Vivo Mouse Experiments for Pathogen-Free Research

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All in vivo experiments used 6-week-old female mice maintained under pathogen-free conditions. NPG mice were obtained from Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology, and BALB/c, BALB/c-Nude, and CB-17scid mice were obtained from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology. All animal experiments were performed according to protocols approved by the Research Ethical Committee of FUSCC.
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8

Aggression Assessment in Adolescent Mice

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Adolescent male Balb/c (aged 3 weeks) mice were purchased from Vital River Laboratories (Beijing, China). They were housed in groups (3–5 per cage) with a regular light-dark cycle at controlled temperature (22 °C ± 1 °C) and were given standard diet and water ad libitum. CD1 retired breeders (age of 8–10 months) purchased from Vital River Laboratories (Beijing, China) were used as resident aggressor and were individually housed. Prior to the experiment, CD1 mice were screened for their levels of aggression and mice that attacked against a partner within 30 seconds were used for the intruder-resident social defeat procedure. The CD1 mice showing little aggressiveness were used as social target in social avoidance test. All animal procedures were in accordance with the guideline of the Animal Care and Use Committee of Shantou University Medical College and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (SUMC2013-031).
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9

Nude Mouse Tumor Formation Assay

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Female nude mice (BALB/c) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Corporation (Beijing, CN). All mice were housed and fed under specific pathogen-free conditions in an institution approved by the Beijing Laboratory Animal Research Center. All studies were approved and supervised by Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All mice used were 5 weeks old when the experiments initiated. Six mice were assigned per group. Cells cultivated from different groups (2 × 107 cells) were injected subcutaneously. To compare the ability of tumor formation in vivo, the transplanted tumors were checked and dimensioned every 2 days. Feeding was stopped at the same time for each group after 10 weeks. Tumor formation rate and average tumor size (Length×Width2 × 0.5) were calculated and compared.
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10

Combination therapy for tumor model

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The nude mice (BALB/c, 4-6 weeks old) were provided by Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology, China. All mouse feeding and operation processes followed the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. PC9 was used to construct a subcutaneous implant tumor model (6 × 106 cells/mouse). miR-195-5p agomir and miR agomir NC were provided by RiboBio, China. Fifteen days after cell injection, they were administered by intratumoral injection (2 nmol/30 μL PBS) for 5 consecutive days when the tumor volume was approximately 100 mm3. The mice were divided into 2 groups. One group had no additional treatment, and the other group received X-ray irradiation (10 Gy once). Nude mice were executed via anesthesia at 30 days after irradiation, and the tumors were removed for photographing and the tumor volumes were calculated.
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