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Folic acid

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Folic acid is a laboratory reagent used in various scientific applications. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in cellular function and development. Folic acid is an essential component in many biochemical processes, including DNA synthesis and cell growth.

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313 protocols using folic acid

1

Cell Proliferation Assay for Targeted Therapeutics

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The WST-1 cell proliferation assay (Roche Applied Science, Penzberg, Germany) was used to evaluate the effects of treatment on cell growth. After the various treatments, 2.5 × 10 3 MCF7, 1.5 × 10 3 HCT-116 and 2.0 × 10 3 KB cells were seeded in 100 μl of culture medium in replicates (n = 8) for each condition in 96-well culture plates (TPP, Trasadingen, Switzerland). MCF7 and HCT-116 cells were incubated for 1.5 h and KB cells for 2 h with WST-1 reagent (10 μl) at 37°C, 24, 48 and 72 h after the US treatment. Well absorbance was measured at 450 and 620 nm (reference wavelength) on a microplate reader (Asys UV340; Biochrom, Cambridge, UK). Cell proliferation data were expressed as a percentage of untreated cells.
Folic acid uptake competition assay HCT-116 and KB cells were also incubated with FFD-MEM medium containing 1.0 nM FA-PEG-GNP suspension and 200 μM Folic acid (Sigma) for 2 h to evaluate the uptake selectivity of FA-PEG-GNP by cell folate receptor under competition conditions with Folic acid. Cells were then detached and subjected to US treatment as previously described; cell growth was evaluated using a WST-1 assay after 24, 48 and 72 h.
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2

Vitamin Profiling of Seaweeds

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The vitamin content of G. corticata and G. edulis was determined by the method previously described [20 (link)]; vitamin A or retinol (328 nm), vitamin B1 or thiamine monohydrate (420 nm), vitamin B2 or riboflavin (254 nm), vitamin B6 or pyridoxine HCl (254 nm), vitamin C or ascorbic acid, vitamin E or tocopheryl acetate (520 nm) and folic acid (550 nm) were determined by HPLC methods, and the results were compared with the respective standards retinyl acetate, thiamine monohydrate, riboflavin, pyridoxine HCl, ascorbic acid, tocopheryl, and folic acid (Sigma Aldrich). Vitamin content was determined in triplicate for each seaweed and was expressed as mg/g of DW seaweed.
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3

Malaria Immunization Protocol in Mice

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C57BL/6J mice infected with PbANKA sporozoites were treated with 0.8 mg of chloroquine (CQ; chloroquine diphosphate salt; Sigma-Aldrich) 7 and 8 days post-infection (p.i.) and with 0.1 mg artesunate (ART; Sigma-Aldrich), 7 and 7.5 days post-infection, while PbANKA iRBC-infected mice were treated with CQ 5 and 6 days p.i. and with artesunate 5 and 5.5 days p.i. All mice were intravenously injected thrice (4 h apart) with 100 µg of a pool of PbmaLS_05 peptides (11.11 µg of each of the 9 peptides listed in Table S2 in Supplementary Material) or 100 µg of Pb1 peptide, 2 h after the last drug treatment. All mice were challenged 24 h after the last peptide injection with two injections of 5 mg/ml folic acid (50 mg/ml folic acid dissolved in PBS with pH adjusted to 7.2; Sigma-Aldrich), 1 h apart and observed for up to 90 min (68 (link)).
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4

Folic Acid Injection in Animal Study

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The following experiments were performed when the animals reached the age of two and five months: the folic acid group received a single intraperitoneal injection of folic acid (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) at a dose of 250 mg/kg in vehicle (0.2 mL of 300 mM NaHCO3); and the same volume of vehicle was administered to control animals (Figures 1 and 2).
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5

Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Vancomycin, Folic Acid, and Iohexol

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Rats were administered clinical-grade vancomycin (lot number 167973; Fresenius Kabi, Lake Zurich, IL, USA), folic acid (lot number WXBD4723V; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), iohexol (Omnipaque) (lot number 15025174; GE Healthcare, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA), and normal saline for injection (Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA). vancomycin was prepared by weighing and dissolving the powder in normal saline to achieve a final concentration of 100 mg/mL. folic acid was prepared by weighing and dissolving the powder in 0.3 mM sodium bicarbonate to achieve a final concentration of 50 mg/mL. Analytical-grade iohexol (lot number LRAC5648; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and iohexol-d 5 (lot number 28540; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) were used for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS) analyses of plasma samples.
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6

Folic Acid Injection Impacts Hatchability

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In the study, 360 Cobb fertile eggs whose weight were among 65.7 ± 0.3 g were randomly assigned to four treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 15 birds/replicate). The experimental eggs were hatched in the microcomputer automatic incubator (Beijing LanTianJiao Electronic Technology Co., LTD, Beijing, China). All replicates of four treatments were arranged locally equalization as much as possible before hatching. Folic acid (Sigma, USA) was dissolved in sterile saline at 500, 1000 and 1500 μg/mL. Folic acid solution (0.1 mL) was injected into the yolk sac on E11 for three treatments respectively and another treatment was injected 0.1 mL saline as the control. The detailed injection methods were on the basis of previous report [15 (link)]. Injection time for Folic acid was chosen according to the preliminary test where we have set set three times (E3, E7 and E11) for injection. Based on preliminary results (data not shown) and previous research [16 (link)], we select E11 as injection age in this study.
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7

Murine Models of Renal Fibrosis

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Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with national and international animal care and ethical guidelines and have been approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of the University of Connecticut Health Center. Mice were housed in groups of 3-5 littermates in a temperature-controlled environment with 12/12 h light/dark cycle and ad libitum access to food and water. Male mice at 8-10 weeks of age, weighing 20-30 grams were used in the study. In the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine. Through a flank incision, the left ureter was exposed and ligated at two points using fine suture material (4-0 silk) as previously described (15 (link)). In the folic acid-induced nephropathy model, WT mice were administrated intraperitoneally with folic acid (Sigma) at 250 mg/kg dissolved in 0.3 mM sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Control mice were injected with equal volume of 0.3 mM NaHCO3 (16 (link)). These in vivo experimental models in mice replicates aspects of the human renal fibrosis (3 (link)). A randomization of animals was carried out to generate groups of equal size. The investigators responsible for data analysis were blind to the study groups.
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8

Isolation and Culture of Primary Human T-Cells

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Primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were isolated from healthy volunteer donors following leukapheresis by negative selection, and purchased from the Human Immunology Core at University of Pennsylvania. All specimens were collected under a University Institutional Review Board-approved protocol, and written informed consent was obtained from each donor. T-cells were cultured in complete media (RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 ug/ml streptomycin sulfate, 10-mM HEPES), and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs coated beads (Invitrogen) as described. 24 hr after activation, T-cells were transduced with lentiviral vectors at MOI of ~5-10. Human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2; Novartis) was added every other day to 50 IU/ml final concentration and a 0.5-1×106 cells/ml cell density was maintained. Rested engineered T-cells were adjusted for identical transgene expression prior to functional assays. For the investigation into the effects of dose of folic acid, T-cells were cultured in RPMI 1640, 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 ug/ml streptomycin sulfate, 10-mM HEPES) supplemented with 40 mg/l folic acid (Sigma-Aldrich).
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9

Vitamins and Antioxidants Protocol

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Beta-carotene, lycopene, folic acid, lutein, folic acid, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K1 and K2, alpha-tochopherol, and Trolox were purchased from Sigma-Adrich, Italy. All the other drugs were purchased by Panreac Quimica (Spain).
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10

Folic Acid Solubility Analysis

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Folic acid (Sigma, USA) was used as the standard and sodium bicarbonate (Sigma) was used as the solvent of Folic acid.
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