The electronic microstructures of E-Al82Cu18 and Al2Cu alloy sheets were characterized by a field-emission scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (JEOL, JSM-6700F, 8 kV) and a field-emission transmission electron microscope (JEOL, JEM-2100F, 200 kV). The metallographic microstructure of E-Al82Cu18 alloy was observed on a confocal laser scanning microscope (OLS3000, Olympus) after a chemical etching in a Keller solution. X-ray diffraction measurements of all specimens were performed on a D/max2500pc diffractometer with a Cu Kα radiation. Raman spectra were measured on a micro-Raman spectrometer (Renishaw) at the laser power of 0.5 mW, in which the laser with a wavelength of 532 nm was equipped. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was conducted on a Thermo ECSALAB 250 with an Al anode. Charging effects were compensated by shifting binding energies based on the adventitious C 1s peak (284.8 eV). O2 concentrations and Cu/Al ion concentrations in electrolytes were analyzed by portable DO meter (az8403) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, Thermo electron), respectively.
Icp oes
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany
The ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) is a laboratory instrument used for the analysis and detection of trace elements in various samples. It utilizes the principle of atomic emission spectroscopy to identify and quantify the elemental composition of a sample.
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Lab products found in correlation
Jem 2100f, by JEOL (5 mentions)
Ecsalab 250, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Micro raman spectrometer, by Renishaw (3 mentions)
Zetasizer nano z, by Malvern Panalytical (3 mentions)
Ankomxt15 extractor, by ANKOM Technology (3 mentions)
Jsm 6700f, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Ols3000, by Olympus (2 mentions)
Jsm 7900f, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Ph 211, by Hanna Instruments (2 mentions)
Marsxpress 250 50, by CEM Corporation (2 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Tecnai f20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Kjeltec 2400, by Foss (2 mentions)
Beckman 6300, by Beckman Coulter (2 mentions)
Smartlab diffractometer, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Toc tn analyzer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Optical emission spectroscopy, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Densito 30px density meter, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Kern 572 balance, by Kern & Sohn (1 mentions)
Nexion 300d, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
71 protocols using icp oes
1
Microstructural Characterization of E-Al82Cu18 and Al2Cu Alloys
2
Comprehensive Characterization of Nanoporous Electrodes
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Microstructure characterizations and elements analysis of nanoporous electrodes were conducted on a thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy (JSM-7900F, JEOL, 5 kV) equipped with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Low-magnification and high-resolution TEM images were obtained by a field-emission transmission electron microscope (JEOL JEM-2100F, 200 kV). X-ray diffraction measurements of nanoporous electrodes were performed on a Rigaku smartlab diffractometer with a monochromatic Cu Kα radiation. Chemical states of surface elements were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (Thermo ECSALAB 250) with an Al anode. Charging effect was compensated by shifting binding energies according to the C 1 s peak (284.8 eV). Raman spectra were collected on a micro-Raman spectrometer (Renishaw) equipped with a 532-nm-wavelength laser at a power of 0.5 mW. The concentrations of metal ions were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Thermo electron).
3
Nanoporous Zn, Cu/Zn, Zn_x Cu_y/Zn Characterization
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The microstructural and chemical features of nanoporous Zn, Cu/Zn and ZnxCuy/Zn sheets were characterized by a field-emission scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS, JEOL, JSM-7900F, 15 kV) and a field-emission transition electron microscope (TEM, JEOL, JEM-2100F, 200 kV). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of all specimens were taken on a D/max2500pc diffractometer with a Cu Kα radiation. Raman spectra were measured on a micro-Raman spectrometer (Renishaw) with a 532-nm-wavelength laser at the power of 0.5 mW. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was conducted on a Thermo ECSALAB 250 with an Al anode. Charging effects were compensated by shifting binding energies based on the adventitious C 1 s peak (284.8 eV). Ion concentrations in electrolytes were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, Thermo electron).
4
Microstructural Analysis of Zn-Al Alloy Sheets
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The metallographic microstructure of ZnxAl100−x alloy sheets was investigated by using a confocal laser scanning microscope (OLS3000, Olympus) after conventional grinding and mechanical polishing, followed by chemical etching in acetic picric solution (5 ml HNO3 and 5 ml HF, 90 ml ultrapure water). The electron micrographic structures were characterized by using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (JEOL, JSM-6700F, 15 kV) equipped with an X-ray energy-dispersive microscopy, and a field-emission transmission electron microscope (JEOL, JEM-2100F, 200 kV). XRD measurements were conducted on a D/max2500pc diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation. Ion concentrations in electrolytes were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, Thermo electron). XPS analysis was conducted on a Thermo ECSALAB 250 with an Al anode. Charging effects were compensated by shifting binding energies based on the adventitious C 1s peak (284.8 eV).
5
Soil Sampling and Nutrient Analysis
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Soil samples in each plot were randomly taken using a 3-cm diameter soil core in the plots at a depth of 0-10 cm in mid-August each year. Three-core soils were combined to one soil sample. Soil samples were thoroughly mixed, air-dried and sieved through a 2 mm mesh for measuring soil pH and the concentrations of exchangeable ions. Soil NH 4 + -N and NO 3 --N concentrations were measured using fresh soils. Soil NH 4 + -N and NO 3 --N concentrations were analyzed with a continuous flow analyzer (Seal XY-2, Australia) after extraction of 2 M KCl at the ratio of 1:5 (w/v). For determination of soil pH, 6 g of air-dried soil was shaken with 15 ml CO 2 -free deionized water for a minute, and equilibrated for an hour to determinate pH with a pH meter (HANNA, PH211, Italy). Exchangeable of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + in soil were extracted by 1M NH 4 OAc (pH 7.0) at a 1:10 ratio (w/v) for 30 min. The exchangeable Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ in soil were extracted with a extracting agent (pH 7.3) consisted of 5 mM diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), 10 mM CaCl 2 and 0.1 M triethanolamine (TEA) in 1:2 ratio (w/v) for 2 h. The extraction solution was filtered to determine the concentration of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Fe 3+ , Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ by ICP-OES (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA).
6
Soil Sampling and Nutrient Analysis
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Soil samples in each plot were randomly taken using a 3-cm diameter soil core in the plots at a depth of 0-10 cm in mid-August each year. Three-core soils were combined to one soil sample. Soil samples were thoroughly mixed, air-dried and sieved through a 2 mm mesh for measuring soil pH and the concentrations of exchangeable ions. Soil NH 4 + -N and NO 3 --N concentrations were measured using fresh soils. Soil NH 4 + -N and NO 3 --N concentrations were analyzed with a continuous flow analyzer (Seal XY-2, Australia) after extraction of 2 M KCl at the ratio of 1:5 (w/v). For determination of soil pH, 6 g of air-dried soil was shaken with 15 ml CO 2 -free deionized water for a minute, and equilibrated for an hour to determinate pH with a pH meter (HANNA, PH211, Italy). Exchangeable of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + in soil were extracted by 1M NH 4 OAc (pH 7.0) at a 1:10 ratio (w/v) for 30 min. The exchangeable Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ in soil were extracted with a extracting agent (pH 7.3) consisted of 5 mM diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), 10 mM CaCl 2 and 0.1 M triethanolamine (TEA) in 1:2 ratio (w/v) for 2 h. The extraction solution was filtered to determine the concentration of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Fe 3+ , Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ by ICP-OES (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA).
7
Molasses Elemental Composition Analysis
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Molasses nitrogen in molasses was determined by a TOC/TN analyzer (Shimadzu, Japan) while other elements were determined by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Detailed analysis methods were available elsewhere in the author’s previous study (Khatun et al. 2021 (link)).
8
Synthesis of Ceramic Powders for Biomedical Applications
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The HT powders were synthesized by the sol-gel method, as previously described [34 (link)]. Briefly, TEOS, ethanol, and HNO3 were mixed in a certain ratio and stirred to hydrolyze for 0.5 h. Then Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O were added to the clarified solution after complete hydrolysis and stirred thoroughly for 4 h. The mixed solution was sealed at 60 °C for 36 h to form a gel, which was then dried at 120 °C for 72 h. The dried gel obtained was calcined at 1250 °C for 4 h. The SrCSi powders were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation [35 (link)]. All powders were milled for 8 h in a planetary ball mill (Chishun Sci&Tech Co., China) with a certain percentage of ethanol solution as a medium to obtain ultrafine particle-size powders (<5 μm). X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES; Thermo, UK) were used to verify the phase and elemental composition (calcium, strontium, silicon) of the synthesized powders.
9
Quantification of Bacterial Selenite Uptake
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Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was employed to determine the selenite concentration in each sample as described by Nawaz et al. [59 (link)] with slight modifications. Briefly, 10 mL of bacterial culture was sampled every 6 h from each culture, followed by centrifugation at 12,000× g for 20 min. After centrifugation, the bacterial cells and elemental selenium were collected as a pellet for subsequent Se0 content analysis. The supernatant was passed through a 0.22 μm filter. After that, 300 μL of the supernatant was mixed with 3 mL of HNO3, left overnight, and passed through the 0.22 μm filter again. The samples were then diluted to the appropriate selenium concentration and subjected to ICP-OES analysis.
10
Comprehensive Characterization of Acid Recovery
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The determination of the composition was undertaken via potentiometric alkalimetry for measuring the free acid content, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES), coupled with optical emission spectroscopy (both Thermo Fischer Scientific GmbH, Bremen, Germany), was used for measuring the metallic ion concentration by the method of a calibration curve. Standard samples had concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1; 5, 10, and 100 ppm. Chloride anions were measured using the isotachophoresis method on an Agrofor device (JZD Odra, Krmelín, Czech Republic).
The main parameters measured during the acid-recovery experiments were electrical conductivity, density, volumetric flow, and mass flow. Electrical conductivity was determined using a TetraCon 925/LV-P probe (Xylem Analytics WTW, Weilheim, Germany) connected to a WTW 3430 Multimeter (Xylem Analytics WTW, Germany). Density was measured with a portable hand-held Densito 30PX density meter (Mettler Toledo, Chiyoda, Japan). A KERN 572 balance (Kern & Sohn GmbH, Balingen, Germany), cylinder, and a timer were used to determine the mass flow.
The main parameters measured during the acid-recovery experiments were electrical conductivity, density, volumetric flow, and mass flow. Electrical conductivity was determined using a TetraCon 925/LV-P probe (Xylem Analytics WTW, Weilheim, Germany) connected to a WTW 3430 Multimeter (Xylem Analytics WTW, Germany). Density was measured with a portable hand-held Densito 30PX density meter (Mettler Toledo, Chiyoda, Japan). A KERN 572 balance (Kern & Sohn GmbH, Balingen, Germany), cylinder, and a timer were used to determine the mass flow.
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