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29 protocols using dmirbe inverted microscope

1

Confocal Microscopy Analysis of αPHP Effects

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For confocal laser scanning microscopy, Leica TCS-SP system mounted on a Leica DMIRBE-inverted microscope was used. For fluorescence excitation, an Ar/UV laser at 364 nm was used for Hoechst 33258, an Ar/Vis laser at 488 nm was used for FITC and a He/Ne laser at 543 nm was used for Alexa 594. Spaced (0.5 μm) optical sections were recorded using a 63× oil immersion objective. The “colocalization” analysis was done considering 30 cells for sample, and three points of colocalization in at least 15 cells. Images were collected in the 1024 × 1024-pixel format, stored on a magnetic mass memory and processed by LAS-X Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH software (version n. 5.1.0).
After assessing the αPHP-induced effects as above reported, we focused on the dose of 100 µM αPHP, chosen to be used in the following additional evaluations, i.e., cytofluorimetric analysis, Patch Clamp experiments, and ultrastructural characterization by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
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2

Live-cell Imaging of Prostate Cancer Cells

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PC-3, DU145 or Saos-2 cells were seeded directly on a culture plate or on glass coverslips. At 24h after seeding, the cells were transfected with various DNA constructs. Cells were cultured in medium with regular bovine serum or CSS. For cells cultured in medium with CSS, vehicle (ethanol) or R1881 (1 nM final concentration) was added. Live cell imaging was conducted using a Leica DM IRBE inverted microscope at various times after R1881 addition. For cells cultured on coverslips, the transfected cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at 24h after transfection and were subjected to an antibody staining protocol as described (43 (link)).
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3

Confocal Microscopy Imaging Setup

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Confocal micrographs were obtained using a Leica TCS SL confocal microscope with Argon 458 nm 476 nm, 488 nm and 514 nm, Green HeNe 543 nm, and Red HeNe 633 nm laser lines, equipped for scanning in two fluorescence channels and a transmitted light channel simultaneously. The scanner was mounted on a Leica DM IRBE inverted microscope with a galvanometer-driven z-stage for rapid live imaging, with plan apochromat objectives through the full range of magnifications, 10×, 20×, 40×, 63× and 100× and Interference Contrast optics for all objectives >10×. For examining the sample before confocal scanning (e.g. assessing the quality of the preparation, finding a field that you want to image intensively using the scanner, etc.), there is a 50 W mercury illuminator and standard Leica fluorescence cubes for FITC, TRITC and DAPI/Hoechst dyes.
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4

Quantifying Immune Cell Fluorescence in Zebrafish

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Embryos were imaged at 1 dpi, in the presence or absence of infection, embedded in 1% low melting point agarose (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and transferred to a Leica DMIRBE inverted microscope with a Leica SP1 confocal scanhead for imaging with 40 or 63 times lenses. For quantification purposes acquisition settings and area of imaging (in the caudal vein region) were kept the same across the groups. Corrected total cell fluorescence was calculated for each immune-stained cell using Image J measurements as previously described [46] (link), [60] (link). Single cells (neutrophils) were selected for by the expression of GFP from the Tg(mpx:GFP)i114 line. These measurements assess the cell fluorescence of each individual immune cell, corrected for cell size and background fluorescence of the image.
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5

Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

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NETs were enumerated using three different techniques: 1. a SYTO/SYTOX staining technique. The cell impermeable SYTOX orange dye (1 μM) was used to detect NETs. SYTO green, a cell-permeable DNA dye (250 nM), was used to determine the total number of cells. Images were taken on a Leica DM IRBE inverted microscope. 2. Immunofluorescence staining as described above, followed by automated quantification of NETs using ImageJ. The Hoechst signal was used to calculate the total amount of cells per microscopic field and NETs were quantified by the PL2-3 signal (chromatin) accounted for nuclear expansion [10 (link)]. 3. By using the cell impermeable DNA dye SYTOX green (50 nM) and measuring in a fluorometer with an excitation/ emission of 485/518 nm, respectively.
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6

Phe-Phe Self-Assembly Interconversion Dynamics

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Epifluorescence micrographs
were recorded in a Leica DMIRBE inverted microscope, using 200×
magnification objective lenses and 340–390 nm and 420–490
nm excitation filters. Micrographs were recorded from liquid samples
to follow the Phe–Phe self-assembled interconversion at solvent
polarizability changes.
Micrographs were recorded from the initial
solution deposited on a glass substrate, at a time marked as zero
for drug release, followed by the addition of 20 μL of a mixture
of 1:1 of ethanol and water. At the same time, micrographs were recorded
from several regions of the sample with time control of each shot,
to monitor the interconversion kinetics. Based on our previous studies,40 water alone is sufficient to promote interconversion;
however, a mixture of ethanol and water at neutral pH was added to
the dried sample, to promote C6 and perillyl alcohol dissolution.
At each time interval, an aliquot was taken and deposited in a glass
substrate to perform electron scanning microscopy (SEM) studies.
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7

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Protocol

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Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed with a Leica TCS-SP system mounted on a Leica DMIRBE inverted microscope using a He/Ne laser at 543 for excitation. Spaced (0.5 µm) optical sections were recorded using a Leica oil-immersion objective (63X; NA 3.2). Images were collected in the 1024 x 1024 pixels format, stored on a magnetic mass memory and processed by the Leica Confocal Software.
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8

Visualizing Fertilization Chambers

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Fluorescent confocal microscopy was used to examine and to resolve the details of the fertilization chambers dissected from once- and twice-mated females. Images were obtained from a Leica TCS-SP5 II system mounted on a Leica DMIRBE inverted microscope. Spaced optical sections were recorded using a 63x oil immersion objective. Images were collected in the 1024 × 1024 pixel format and processed by the Leica Confocal Software. Green and red fluorescent images were captured simultaneously and merged into a new image to visualize the localisation of red and green sperm.
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9

Cancer Cell Uptake of Platelet-Derived Microparticles

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MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (5 × 10
4cells/well) were grown for 24 hours on glass coverslips placed in 12-well plate and then incubated with 30 µg/mL of MCF7-induced or MDA-MB-231-induced PMPs obtained from CFSE-labeled platelets for 4 or 18 hours. Cells were subsequently washed, fixed, and examined by fluorescence microscopy. The interaction between PMPs and cancer cells was quantified as the percentage of cells associated with fluorescent PMPs, and as the average incorporated fluorescence. The internalization of cell-associated PMPs was analyzed by confocal microscopy at the Centro Grandi Strumenti (University of Pavia) using a Leica DM IRBE Inverted Microscope and the collected images were analyzed with LAS AF software.
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10

Immunofluorescence Imaging of HER2 Expression

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The cells grown on coverslips were either incubated with the labeled complex and fixed with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde for 30 min or directly fixed and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 5 min before incubation with the labeled complex or with a commercial anti-HER2 mouse mAb (9G6) was used for indirect immunofluorescence (Thermofischer, Carlsbad CA, USA). The coverslips were mounted with Fluoromount G containing 4’,6’-diamidino-2 phenyleindole (SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, UK). Images were captured with deconvolution (confocal) fluorescence microscopy (Leica DMIRBE inverted microscope and OPENLAB 3.1.4 software, Nussloch, Germany) and images were processed using Fiji. Images were filtered by applying the difference between two Gaussian Blurs (1.5 and 25).
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