The identification and quantification of the phenolic content of M. comersonii pulp extract were performed as previously described by our group Quecán et al. [25 (link)], following the protocol detailed in Fraga et al. [26 (link)]. The phenolic standards used in the current study were quercetin 3-glucoside, myricetin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside (Extrasynthese, Genay, France) monitored at 370 nm, and gallic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) monitored at 270 nm.
Kaempferol 3 glucoside
Manufactured by Extrasynthese
Sourced in France
Kaempferol 3-glucoside is a flavonoid compound isolated from various plant sources. It serves as a reference standard for analytical and research purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Epicatechin gallate, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Rutin, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Quercetin 3 glucoside, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Syringic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Myricetin, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Isorhamnetin 3 glucoside, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Quercetin, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Procyanidin b2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Procyanidin b1, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Procyanidin a2, by Extrasynthese (2 mentions)
8 protocols using kaempferol 3 glucoside
1
Phenolic Profiling of M. comersonii Pulp
2
Antioxidant Characterization of Brazilian Wine
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Wine alcohol 65% v/v was obtained from winery Ouro Verde-Miolo Wine Group (Casa Nova, BA, Brazil). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, ethanol, potassium persulfate, phosphoric acid, and potassium phosphate monobasic were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromate-2-carboxylic acid) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol was from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Ultrapure water was obtained with a Marte Científica purification system (São Paulo, SP, Brazil). External standards of gallic acid, syringic acid, benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, procyanidin B1, catechin, procyanidin B2, and caffeic acid came from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, procyanidin A2, quercetin 3-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol 3-glucoside, myricetin, and isorhamnetin 3-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside came from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). The trans-Resveratrol was obtained from Cayman Chemical Company (Michigan, EUA, Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
3
Calibration Curves for Polyphenol Analysis
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Standard calibration curves were prepared using the following standards: agrimoniin and bis-HHDP-glucose pedunculagin (obtained from the Institute of Food Technology and Analysis), quercetin-3-glucoside, tiliroside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, ellagic acid, quercetin 3-d -galactoside, quercetin, kaempferol, (−)-epicatechin-phloroglucinol adduct (after phloroglucinolysis of procyanidin B2 standard) (Extrasynthese, France), (−)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin (Sigma, Steinheim, Germany). Standard stock solutions were diluted to appropriate concentrations for the plotting of calibration curves. The linearity was obtained by plotting the peak areas versus the corresponding concentrations (mg/L) of each analyte. Table 7 shows the equations of the calibration curves and the correlation coefficients (R2) of the standards used.
4
Antioxidant Compounds Characterization
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Ethanol, sodium phosphate dihydrate, disodium dihydrogen phosphate, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), fluorescein 3’,6’-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9’-[9H]xanthen]-3-one and 2,20-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Authentic standards of myricetin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Catechin, epigalloCatechin gallate, epiCatechin gallate, kaempferol-3-glucoside, rutin, apigenin, procyanidin B2, and luteolin were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).
5
Quantification of Metabolites and Bioactive Compounds
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External standards for 1-kestose, nystose, raffinose, glucose, fructose, rhamnose, maltose and for citric tartaric, lactic and acetic acids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). External standards for formic and succinic acids were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, HE, Germany). External standards for procyanidin A2, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, kaempferol 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside (rutin), quercetin 3-glucoside, myricetin, came from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). cis-Resveratrol and trans-resveratrol were obtained from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). External standards of the phenolics: gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, trans-caftaric acid, caffeic acid, hesperidin, naringenin, procyanidin B1, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B2, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetonitrile, methanol, potassium persulfate, gallic acid and ethyl alcohol were obtained from Merck. The ultrapure water was obtained using a Marte Científica purification system (São Paulo, SP, Brazil). The chromogen 3,3′diaminobenzidine tetrachloride was purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA). All antibodies used in this study were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, UK). All chemical reagents used in the experiments were of analytical grade.
6
Analytical Standards for Phytochemical Analysis
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Acetonitrile (hypergrade for LC-MS), formic acid (HPLC grade) and methanol (analytical grade) were purchased from Merck (Germany). The standards of orientin, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, kaempferol 3-glucoside (astragalin) (≥ 99 % HPLC purity), saponarin and kaempferol-3-rutinoside (≥ 98 % HPLC purity were provided from Extrasynthese (France).
7
Phytochemical Standards for Antioxidant Analysis
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Protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, apigenin, rutin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-glucoside, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol, were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent, potassium peroxodisulfate, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, ethanol, methanol, acetic acid and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
8
Analytical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds
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Ethanol, sulfuric acid, potassium persulfate and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), glucose and fructose were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). MEthanol and acetonitrile were obtained from J.T. Backer (Mexico). Purified water was obtained from a Milli-Q® System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Malvidin 3,5-diglucoside, malvidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, myricetin, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside, quercetin (dihydrate), rutin, isoquercetin (quercetin-3-Oglucopyranoside), gallic acid, cinnamic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, trans-resveratrol, (-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Malic, citric, lactic, acetic and tartaric acids were obtained from Vetec Chemistry Ltda (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
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