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11 protocols using ab83232

1

Zebrafish Embryo Protein Extraction and Western Blotting

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The dissected trunk regions of zebrafish embryos were collected for extracting protein. Western blotting was performed60 (link) with 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The proteins were then transferred into a nitrocellulose membrane and then membranes were blocked by nonfat milk. After blocking, the nitrocellulose membranes were then incubated using anti-Fsd1 antibody (Ab) (1:200, monoclonal mouse or polyclonal rabbit anti-FSD1 antibody was generated using a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein containing the full-length FSD1, which were expressed in E. coli and then were purified to homogeneity as the antigen. The monoclonal mouse Ab was used in human RPE-1 cells, while the polyclonal rabbit Ab was used in zebrafish experiments), anti-Runx1 Ab (1:200, AS-55593, Ana Spec), anti-NICD Ab (1:400, ab83232, Abcam, used in zebrafish), anti-NICD Ab (1:1000, ab8925, Abcam, used in human cells), mouse anti-β-actin (1:1000, sc47778, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in human cells), and anti-β-actin Ab (1:2000, 4967, Cell Signaling). The figures for western blotting were collected by Imagequant LAS 4000 (The uncropped scans of blots are listed in the Supplementary Figure 12).
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2

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay Protocol

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ChIP assays were performed as previously described [23 (link)]. Briefly, glycine was added to the cells to a concentration of 0.125 M to quench the crosslinking. The cells were then rinsed with ice-cold PBS, re-suspended, lysed in lysis buffer, and sonicated to shear the crosslinked DNA to fragments ranging from 200 to 500 bp, as previously described [24 (link)]. The lysates ere incubated with specific antibodies or normal IgG at 4 °C overnight. After adding 40 μL of protein G magnetic beads, the lysates were further incubated for 2–3 hours. The beads were washed repeatedly, and the DNA was eluted from the beads by incubating in 10 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.5, for 15 minutes at 65 °C. Both the immunoprecipitated and the input DNA samples were incubated overnight at 65 °C for reversal of the crosslinking. The DNA samples were then purified by sequential phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (Sigma) extraction. The final DNA products were ethanol-precipitated, and the pellets were air-dried and dissolved in 10 mM Tris-HCl. The primers were used for the ChIP assay as previously described [25 (link)]. Anti-RBPJκ (Abcam, ab25949), anti-NICD1 (Abcam, ab83232), and anti-MAM (Abcam, ab17019) antibodies were used for the ChIP assays.
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3

Western Blot and Immunofluorescence Protocols

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WB experiments were performed as previously reported [69 (link),93 (link)] using the following antibodies: anti-β-Actin antibody (4967; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, Massachusetts), anti-NICD antibody (ab83232; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Myc antibody (06–549; Millipore), anti-Flag antibody (F7425; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-DLL4 antibody (ab7280; Abcam), anti-JAG1 antibody (ab7771; Abcam), anti-Notch1 antibody (3608; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Erk antibody (9102; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p-Erk antibody (9101; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p-AKT antibody (4060; Cell Signaling Technology), and anti-AKT antibody (9272; Cell Signaling Technology). Quantification of protein level using gray analysis (Gel-Pro analyzer). Immunofluorescence experiments were performed as previously reported [94 (link)] using the following antibodies: anti-Notch1 antibody (3608; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Notch1 antibody (3447; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-DLL4 antibody (ab7280; Abcam), anti-JAG1 antibody (ab7771; Abcam), anti-LAMP1 antibody (15665; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-EEA1 antibody (610457; BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey), anti-APPL1 antibody (3858; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-AKT antibody (2920; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-AKT antibody (9272; Cell Signaling Technology), and anti-PIK3CA antibody (ab40776; Abcam).
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4

Immunofluorescence Analysis of JARID1B and Notch1

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For Immunofluorescence analysis, cells were plated in six-well chamber slides (Nunc, Thermo Fisher Scientific) overnight and the cells were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH7.4 containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin, air dried and rehydrated in PBS. Cells were then incubated with rabbit polyclonal antibody against JARID1B (PAB14079, Abnova, Taipei City, Taiwan) and monoclonal mouse anti-Notch1 intracellular domain antibody (ab83232, Abcam, Cambridge, MA., USA), diluted 1:500 and 1:100 respectively, in PBS containing 3% normal goat serum for 2 h at room temperature. Negative controls were performed by omitting the primary antibody. After washing twice in PBS for 10 min, an anti-rabbit IgG fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibody (Jackson Immunoresearch Lab. Inc., West Grove, PA, USA) that was diluted 1:500 in PBS was added. The cells were incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Cells were then washed in PBS and mounted in Vectashield mounting medium with 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to counter stain DNA. Cells were observed using a Zeiss Axiophot (Carl Zeiss) fluorescence microscope.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Total cell lysates from cells were prepared using ProteoJET™ Mammalian Cell Lysis Reagent according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA), and protein concentrations were determined using the BCA method. Specific antibodies to JAG2 (ab109627), PRAF2 (ab53113), NICD (ab83232), E-cadherin (ab1416), vimentin (ab92547), CD63 (ab59479), CD81 (ab79559), NOTCH1 (ab52627), NOTCH2 (ab8926), NOTCH3 (ab23426), NOTCH4 (ab184742) and β-actin (ab8226) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
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6

Notch Signaling in A375 Cells

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The A375 cell line was exposed to various radiation doses and RO4929097 concentrations, and the NICD assay was performed. The same technique used for the γ-H2AX assay was applied except for the anti-Notch1 intracellular domain antibody (ab83232, Abcam plc), which was used as the primary antibody.
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7

Protein Expression Analysis in Cells

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Cells were transfected and/or treated and then lysed in lysis buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). For nucleus protein isolation, cells were lysed by Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Protein Extraction Kit (Beyotime, China) according to the manufacture's instruction. The cell protein extracts (30 ~ 50 µg) were separated by sodium dodecylsulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) electrophoretically transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, which were then blocked with 5% non‐fat dried milk in TBS‐T and then incubated with proper primary antibodies listed below: anti‐α‐SMA (14395‐1‐AP; ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL, USA), anti‐vimentin (60330‐1‐lg; ProteinTech), anti‐E‐cadherin (20874‐1‐AP; ProteinTech), anti‐Notch1 (ab83232; Abcam), anti‐C‐MYC (ab32072; Abcam), anti‐HES1 (ab71559; Abcam), anti‐HEY1 (ab22614; Abcam), anti‐GAPDH (60004‐1‐lg, ProteinTech, USA), anti‐Histone H3(17168‐1‐AP, ProteinTech) and anti‐β‐actin (60008‐1‐lg, ProteinTech). After washing with TBST buffer, the membranes were incubated with the appropriate secondary antibodies. Immunoreactive proteins were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) techniques.
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8

Dissociation and culture of E10.5 mouse AGM cells

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E10.5 mouse AGM regions were dissected and dissociated into single cell suspension using 0.1% collagenase. After a 3-day culture in the presence of hematopoietic cytokines (50 ng/ml SCF, 50 ng/ml IL-3, and 20 ng/ml FLT3), cells were starved for 4 h and pretreated with MG132 (10 μM, Sigma C2211) for 2 h, and then treated with 7α-25-OHC for 0.5 h (or 1 h in Figure 4F) before harvesting. Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 10% Glycerol, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.5% NP40, and Roche cocktail protease inhibitor), and incubated with Arrb1 (Abcam, ab32097, 1:100) or Notch1 (Abcam, ab65297, 1:100) antibody for 4 h at 4 °C. Protein A agarose (Invitrogen, 15918014) was added next to the mixture which was incubated for another 3-4 h. Beads were collected for western blotting using following antibodies: β-actin (cell signaling, 4967, 1:2000), Notch1 (Abcam, ab128076, 1:1 000), Notch1 (Abcam, ab65297, 1:1 000), NICD (Abcam, ab83232, 1:500), Gpr183 (Abcam, ab168744, 1:1 000), Arrb1 (Abcam, ab32097, 1:5 000), and ubiquitin (Santa Cruz, sc8017, 1:1 000).
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9

Protein Expression Analysis in Atrial Tissues

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Immunoblotting was undertaken to detect the expression of YAP1, β-catenin, and NICD. In brief, individual atrial tissues were solubilized in Laemmli buffer containing 2-mercaptoethanol, and proteins (20 μg/lane) were separated on 10% SDS polyacrylamide gels. After the proteins were transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), the blots were blocked with 5% nonfat milk in Tris-buffered saline with Tween 20 (TBST) for two hours at room temperature, after which they were probed with the following antibodies diluted to 1:1000–1:2500: anti–YAP1 antibody (Ab52771, Abcam), anti–β-catenin antibody (ab32572, Abcam), anti–NICD antibody (Ab83232, Abcam), and anti–GAPDH antibody (ab8245, Abcam). The secondary antibody used was Dylight 800–labeled affinity antibody to rabbit IgG (072-07-15-06 KPL). Quantitative densitometric image analysis was performed (Image J), and the densitometry of the GAPDH band was used for normalization.
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10

Immunostaining Protocol for Cell Signaling Markers

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Immunofluorescence was undertaken to confirm the results of Western blot. One hundred and fifty consecutive cryosections were prepared. Labeled slides were numbered with a random number generator, and every fifth slide was picked for staining. The slides were blocked with 10% FBS for 30 minutes, and incubated with the following antibodies diluted to 1:200: rabbit anti–YAP1 antibody (Ab52771, Abcam), rabbit anti–β-catenin antibody (ab32572, Abcam), rabbit anti–NICD antibody (Ab83232, Abcam), rabbit anti-Ki67 antibody(ab15580, Abcam), rabbit anti- Aurora B antibody (ab45145, Abcam), and mouse anti–Troponin T antibody (ab8295, Abcam) at room temperature for two hours. The secondary antibodies used were Fluor 555–conjugated anti–mouse second antibody (Abcam, ab150107, 1:1000 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated anti–rabbit second antibody (Abcam, ab150073, 1:1000 dilution). Nuclear staining was performed with DAPI.
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