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12 protocols using anti cd4 apc efluor 780

1

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping

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Peripheral blood lymphocytes were immunophenotyped by multicolour flow cytometry using the following antibodies: anti-CD3 Pacific Blue, anti-CD56 FITC, Anti-CD27 PE, anti-CD28 APC, anti-CD1d PE, anti-CD19 APC, anti-CD27 V450, anti-CD38 PerCP-Cy5.5 (all from BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and anti-CD45RA PerCP-Cy5.5, anti-CD62L PE-Cy7, anti-CD5 PE-Cy7, anti-CD24 APC-eFluor 780 and anti-CD4 APC-eFluor 780 (from eBioscience, Inc. San Diego, CA, USA). Staining was performed on whole blood using BD FACS Lysing Solution (BD Biosciences) as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A minimum of 250,000 events were acquired for T cell panels and 500,000 events for B cell panels to ensure adequate capture of rare populations. Subsequent detailed analysis of lymphocyte sub-populations was performed on the gated lymphocyte population using FlowJo (Treestar, Inc., OR, USA). Absolute counts for the different lymphocyte populations were calculated per litre of blood, based on haematology laboratory reported total lymphocyte count.
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2

Quantifying Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells

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Samples were stained with anti–CD4-APC–eFluor 780 (L3T4), anti–CD8-PerCP-Cy5.5 (53-6.7), and anti–ICOS-PE (17G9), fixed and permeabilized (eBioscience) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and stained with anti-Foxp3–Alexa Fluor 700 (FJK-16s), anti–IFN-γ–Alexa Fluor 488 (XMG1.2), anti-TNF–Pacific Blue (MP6-XT22), anti–granzyme B–allophycocyanin (GB11), and anti–CD107a-PE (1D4B). Flow cytometry reference beads (PeakFlow blue; Invitrogen) were added to the samples before analysis for quantification of T cells in each tumor. The absolute number of a subset of T cells per milligram of tumor was calculated as the following example shows: density of CD8 cells = (number of beads added to each sample × count of CD8 cells/count of beads)/tumor weight.
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3

Cd244 Knockout Mice for Immunological Studies

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C57BL/6 (WT) mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME).
Cd244-/- mice on the C57BL/6 background [12 (link)], were kindly provided by Dr. Raymond Welsh (University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA). Mice were maintained in the Translational Biomedical Research Center of the Medical College of Wisconsin and both genders were used for experiments in an age (6–12 week) and gender-matched manner. anti-CD45R-PE-Texas Red, anti-CD45R-PE, anti-GL7-FITC and anti-CD5-APC were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). CD21-eFluor 450, anti-CD23-PE-Cy7, anti-CD93-biotin, anti-CD4-APC-eFluor 780, anti-CD8-PE-Cy7, anti-TCRβ-FITC, anti-TCRβ-PE, anti-CD11b-Alexa Fluor 488, anti-CD244, anti-Foxp3-PE, anti-CD19-Alexa 700, anti-CD4-PE, anti-IgG-FITC and Streptavidin PE-Cy5.5 were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). Anti-CD11b-Brilliant Violet 605, anti-CD11c-PE, anti-NK1.1-APC, anti-IgM-APC Cy7, anti-IgD-Pacific Blue, anti-CD38-Alexa Fluor 647, anti-CD138-APC and rat anti-mouse IgG2a-biotin were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA). Anti-IgM-FITC and the SBA Clonotyping System-B6/C57J-HRP were purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham, AL). 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP)-ficoll, NP-Chicken Gamma Globulin (CGG), NP(24)-PE and NP-BSA were purchased from Biosearch Technologies (Novato, CA).
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4

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry of Immune Cell Subsets

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Single cell suspensions of total splenocytes, enriched B cells or BM were stained with different combinations of the following antibodies: Anti-CD4 APC-eFluor 780, anti-CD8 APC-eFluor 780, anti-Gr1 APC-eFluor 780, anti-F4/80 APC-eFluor 780, anti-B220 APC, anti-B220 APC-eFlour 780, anti-B220 FITC, anti CD19 PeCy7, anti-CD38 Alexa Fluor 700, anti-CD93 APC, anti-IgM PerCP-eFluor 710, anti CD21/CD35 eFluor 450 (eBiosciences), anti-CD23 PE (BioLegend), anti-CD4 PE-CF594, anti-CD8 PE-CF594, anti-Ly-6G and Ly-6C PE-CF594 and anti-IgG1 BV421 (BD biosciences). Live dead aqua stain was added to separate dead cells (Life Technologies) and eOD-GT8-specific cells were visualized by the addition of FITC-conjugated eOD-GT8 and PE-conjugated eOD-GT8 CD4bs knock-out. BG505 SOSIP- (Sok et al., 2014 (link)) and 2cc-specific memory B cells were visualized by the addition of biotinylated protein with the addition of streptavidin conjugated PE and APC respectively (BD Biosicences).
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5

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry for Th Cell Analysis

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We used single cell suspensions from spleens, removed at day 2 of AIA. After harvest cells were washed once in PBS by centrifugation at 300× g for 6 min at 4 °C. Cells were stained with the surface antibodies (anti-CD4-APC/eFluor780, eBioscience, 1:200 dilution) including blocking reagents (10 µg/ml anti-CD16/CD32 and rat IgG, Dianova, Hamburg, Germany) for 20 min at 4 °C. After another washing step with PBS cells were fixed and permeabilised according to the manufacturer’s protocol (FoxP3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set, eBioscience). Next, antibodies against intranuclear targets (anti-Tbet-PerCP/Cy5.5, eBioscience, 1:80 dilution), anti-GATA3-PE (eBioscience, 1:20 dilution) and anti-FoxP3-eFluor450 (eBioscience, 1:300 dilution) were added and cells were incubated for 30 min at room temperature. Last, cells were washed in 1x permeabilisation buffer and recorded in a BD LSR II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). Data was analysed using the FlowJo Software (Treestar, Ashland, Oregon, USA). Supplementary Figure S3 displays a representative example of the gating strategy for flow cytometric analysis.
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6

HLA-B*27:05 Peptide Dextramer Staining

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PBMCs were stained with LIVE/DEAD Fixable Violet (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cells were then washed twice and incubated with HLA-B27:05-peptide dextramers as per the manufacturer's protocol (Immudex). Surface markers were identified using anti-CD3–ECD (Beckman Coulter), anti-CD4–APC-eFluor780 (eBioscience), and anti-CD8–PerCP (BD Biosciences). Cells were then washed again and fixed with 1% formaldehyde for a minimum of 1 h. Non-identical HLA-AA2:01-peptide dextramers containing an irrelevant epitope were used as gating controls. Unstained and single-stained cells were used to determine compensation values. Samples were acquired using a CyAn ADP Analyzer (Beckman Dako Cytomation), and data were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star).
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7

FACS Analysis of GBM Tumor and Blood Samples

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GBM tumor samples were collected and kept in cold PBS before processing the samples for FACS analysis. Tumor samples were gently dissociated using 70 μm cell strainers (Fisher Scientific 352350) in cold FACS buffer (PBS + 2 mM EDTA + BSA 2%) and washed two times in FACS buffer (50 mL). Cells were incubated for 5 minutes with human Fc block (BD, 564219) on ice and then incubated with antibodies at 4°C for 30 mins. Cells were washed, and 7AAD (BD, 559925) was added (1:100 dilution) before FACS acquisition.
Blood samples were collected on heparin tubes and mix at a 1:1 ratio with DMEM medium at room temperature to perform lymphocyte (BD, NC9587917) PBMC isolation. PBMC were washed in FACS buffer and stained similarly to the tumor samples. Antibodies used were APC anti-CD45 (Biolegend, dilution 1:200), PE-Cy7 anti-CD8a (eBiosciences, dilution 1:200), APC-eFluor 780 anti-CD4 (eBiosciences, dilution 1:200). Data were acquired on BD Fortessa LSRII and analyzed by first gating live cells, then CD45+ cells, and finally CD4+ cells in the X axis and CD8+ in the Y axis of the scatter plot. Analyses were conducted using FlowJo v. 10.6.2.
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8

Multiparametric Flow Cytometric Analysis of Splenocytes

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At 7 dpi, animals were sacrificed and spleens harvested. Splenocytes were prepared as previously described [3 (link)] and then seeded at 5.0x106 cells for incubation with GolgiStop (BD Biosciences, Mississauga, ON, Canada) for 3 hours. After incubation, 1x106 cells were stained for viability with Live/Dead Fixable Aqua Stain (LifeTechnologies, Burlington, ON, Canada). After washing, cells were stained with a mix of surface antibodies: APC-eFluor 780 anti-CD4 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), FITC anti-DX5 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), PE anti-CD194/chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), APC anti-CD183/CXCR3 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), and eFlour450 anti-CD8 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA). Cells were fixed and permeabilized (BD Cytofix/ Cytoperm Fixation and Permeablization Kit, BD Biosciences, Mississauga, ON, Canada). After permeabilization, cells were intracellularly stained with a mix of antibodies: PE/Cy7 anti-interferon gamma (IFNγ) (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) and PerCP-eFluro710 anti-CD3 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA). Samples were run on a BD Canto Flow Cytometer (BD Biosciences, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and 2.0x105 events were recorded. Data were analyzed with FlowJo software (Treestar Inc, Ashland, OR, USA).
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9

CD4+ Cell Depletion and IL-17A Neutralization

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CD4+ cells were depleted using anti-CD4 monoclonal depletion antibody (clone: GK1.5) or matching isotype control (Rat IgG2B). IL-17A neutralization was performed using anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody (clone: 17F3) or matching isotype control (Mouse IgG1). Antibodies were administered intraperitoneally, 500μg per day every 3 days for a total of 3 doses. Efficacy of CD4+ depletion was determined in colonic lamina propria and spleen by flow cytometry. For intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes isolation, tissue pieces were washed with cold PBS and incubated in RPMI with 1 mg/ml Collagenase/Dispase for 30 min at 37°C with shaking at 200 rpm. Splenocytes were disrupted into single cell suspension by passing the organ through 70 μm filter and RBCs were lysed in ACK lysis buffer (Invitrogen) for 3 min. Cells were stained using the following monoclonal fluorescence-conjugated antibodies: BUV395 anti-CD45.2 (Clone: 104, BD Biosciences), APC-eFluor 780 anti-CD4 (Clone: RM4–5, eBioscience), and APC anti-CD8a (Clone: 53–6.7, eBioscience). All antibodies were diluted in FACS buffer (2% FBS, 0.01 Sodium Azide, PBS). Dead cells were gated out by using the Fixable Violet Dead Cell Stain Kit (Invitrogen). Samples were acquired on the BD LSRFortessa (BD Biosciences) and analyzed with FlowJo Software (Treestar).
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10

CD4+ Cell Depletion and Lamina Propria Isolation

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CD4 + cells were depleted using anti-CD4 monoclonal depletion antibody (clone: GK1.5) or matching isotype control (Rat IgG2B) administered intraperitoneally, 500µg per day every 3 days for a total of 3 doses. Efficacy of CD4 + depletion was determined in colonic lamina propria and spleen by flow cytometry. For intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes isolation, tissue pieces were washed with cold PBS and incubated in RPMI with 1 mg/ml Collagenase/Dispase for 30 min at 37˙C with shaking at 200 rpm. Splenocytes were disrupted into single cell suspension by passing the organ through 70 µm filter and RBCs were lysed in ACK lysis buffer (Invitrogen) for 3 min. Cells were stained using the following monoclonal fluorescence-conjugated antibodies: BUV395 anti-CD45.2 (Clone: 104, BD Biosciences), APC-eFluor 780 anti-CD4 (Clone: RM4-5, eBioscience), and APC anti-CD8a (Clone: 53-6.7, eBioscience). All antibodies were diluted in FACS buffer (2% FBS, 0.01 Sodium Azide, PBS). Dead cells were gated out by using the Fixable Violet Dead Cell Stain Kit (Invitrogen). Samples were acquired on the BD LSRFortessa (BD Biosciences) and analyzed with FlowJo Software (Treestar).
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