Zirconium 4 chloride

Hafnium(IV) chloride (98%), zirconium(IV)
chloride (≥99.5%), oleic acid (90%), oleylamine (70%), trimethyl
orthoformate (99%), trifluoroacetic acid (99%), acetic acid (≥99%),
dibenzyl ether (98%), and benzyl chloride (99%) are obtained from
Sigma-Aldrich. Benzyl alcohol was purchased either anydrous (99.8%)
or as ReagentPlus (≥99%) from Sigma-Aldrich; the latter was
then vacuum distilled and stored over sieves. Tetrahydrofuran (extra
dry, 99.5%) was purchased from Acros Organics. Hydrochloric acid (≥37%)
was purchased from Chemlab. Tri-n-octylphosphine
oxide (99%) was puchased from Strem chemicals and recrystallized according
to Owen et al.^{81 (link)} Solvents used for synthesis
were purchased from Chemlab or Sigma-Aldrich. Deuterated solvents
(CDCl₃ and C₆D₆) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich or Eurisotop.
All manipulations were performed
in air, unless otherwise indicated. All chemicals are used as received
unless otherwise mentioned. When required, organic solvents are dried
according to the procedure described by Williams et al.^{82 (link)} making use of 20% m/v freshly activated 3 Å
sieves for a minimum of 120 h.

Chromium (III) nitrate nonahydrate (Cr(NO₃)₃•9H₂O, ≥99%), iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃•9H₂O, ≥98%), titanium (IV) isopropoxide (Ti(OⁱPr)₄, 97%), zirconium(IV) chloride (ZrCl₄, ≥99.5%), aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO₃)₃•9H₂O, ≥98%), zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂•6H2O, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The organic linker moieties: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H₂BDC, 98%), 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H₂BDC-NH₂, 99%), 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H₃BTC, 95%), and 2-methylimidazole (HMIM, 99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Acid modulation was performed using benzoic acid (HBC, 99.5%) and nitric acid (HNO₃, 70%). Ultra-high purity He and N₂ gas (99.999%) were purchased from Airgas. Anhydrous solvents (MeOH and DMF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich in Sureseal bottles. Unless specified otherwise, all reactions were performed under ambient laboratory conditions, and all reagents were used as received with no further purification from a commercial source.

Following chemicals were used without further purification: acetone (99.5%, Roth), benzophenone-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (95%, abcr, H₂bzpdc), dichloromethane (99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich, DCM), N,N′-dimethylformamide (99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich, DMF), ethanol (absolute, EMPLURA®), formic acid (98%, Merck, FA), trimethylsiloxy terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (thermo scientific, PDMS, Mw410), hydride-terminated poly(dimethyl-siloxane) (Sigma-Aldrich, PDMSH, Mw580), zirconyl chloride octahydrate (98%, Sigma-Aldrich, ZrOCl₂·8H₂O), zirconium(iv)-chloride (99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich, ZrCl₄) and SYLGARD® 184 (Sigma-Aldrich).

Our initial materials were provided from Merck and Sigma companies (FeCl₂.4H₂O, FeCl₃.6H₂O, DMF, NH₄OH, terephthalic acid, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (MPS), 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DAS), Zirconium (IV) chloride, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and Cyanuric chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich without any purification. The monomer of acrylic acid was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich and was distilled before use.

Copper(ii) nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O, 99.5%), nickel(ii) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, 99.5%), manganese(ii) nitrate tetrahydrate (Mn(NO₃)₂·4H₂O, 99.5%), d(+)-glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆, 99.5%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and acetonitrile (C₂H₃N, 99.8%) were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Japan). Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid or terephthalic acid (H₂BDC, 98%), uric acid (C₅H₄N₄O₃, ≥99%), and zirconium(iv) chloride (ZrCl₄, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Japan). Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP) (M_w = 40 000), maltose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, ≥99%), and l-ascorbic acid (C₆H₈O₆, 99%) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Japan).

All chemicals, reagents, and salts were of the highest purity and were used without any purification. Graphite powder (< 20 μm Sigma-Aldrich), Zirconium (IV) chloride (99.95% STREM), Potassium permanganate (≥ 99.0% Sigma-Aldrich), and 1,4-Napthalenedicarboxylic acid (> 95% TCI). 1,4-Napthalenedicarboxylic acid was used as an organic linker and Zirconium (IV) chloride as a precursor. N,N-Dimethylformamide (99.8% Sigma Aldrich) was used as a solvent to dissolve the reactants. Sodium arsenate (Na₂HAsO₄.7H₂O 99%, SDFCL) was used for the preparation of the stock solution, in which a specific amount of Na₂HAsO₄.7H₂O was dissolved in pure water. The stock solution was then diluted in deionized water for the preparation of various batches for adsorption studies.