Vacuum distillation feed bitumen was kindly provided by Syncrude Canada Ltd. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade toluene and n-heptane (Fisher Scientific) were used as solvent (toluene) or to prepare 50 Heptol (a mixture of 50:50 vol % n-heptane and toluene). Deionized water with a resistivity of 18.2 M cm was prepared with an Elix 5 system, followed by purification with a Millipore-UV plus system. Silicon wafers were purchased from NanoFab (University of Alberta) and used as substrates. Tipless silicon nitride cantilevers were purchased from Bruker Scientific (Camarillo, CA) and used for the force measurement. Silica microspheres (D ≈ 8 m) were purchased from Duke Scientific Co. (Palo Alto, CA) and glued to the tipless cantilevers to form colloidal probes.
N heptane
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Canada
N-heptane is a clear, colorless liquid hydrocarbon. It has the chemical formula C7H16 and is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions)
Toluene, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Ethanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
N hexadecane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Tetraethoxysilane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Vinyltrimethoxysilane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Kevlar pulp kp, by DuPont (2 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Cyclohexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Chloroform, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Chloroform d, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Hexamethyldisilazane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ammonium persulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
31 protocols using n heptane
1
Colloidal Probe AFM Characterization
2
Aramid Fibers Surface Modification
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Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, 98% purity) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS, 98% purity) were purchased from Acros Organics; ethanol (purity ≥ 99.8%), n-heptane (purity ≥ 99.5%), and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ, 98.5% purity) were obtained from Thermo Scientific; ammonium hydroxide (25% NH3 in H2O) and oxalic acid anhydrous (purity ≥ 99%) were acquired at Fluka Analytical; dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 99.9% purity) was purchased from Fisher Scientific and potassium hydroxide (KOH) was obtained from Laborspirit Lda.
Kevlar® pulp (KP, 0.5–1.0 mm length) was fabricated by DuPont (USA) and the aramid fibres with the following trade names: Twaron® (Twa, 100% para-aramid fibre, 40–60 mm length); Technora® (Tch, para-aramid fibre (co-polymer), 51 mm length) and Teijinconex® (Teij, 100% meta-aramid fibre, 51–76 mm length) were kindly offered by Teijin Aramid GmbH (Germany). The main properties of these fibres can be found in Almeida et al. [11 (link)].
All reagents were analytical grade and used as received. High-purity water was used to prepare the solutions of oxalic acid (0.01 M) and ammonium hydroxide (1.0 M) catalysts.
Kevlar® pulp (KP, 0.5–1.0 mm length) was fabricated by DuPont (USA) and the aramid fibres with the following trade names: Twaron® (Twa, 100% para-aramid fibre, 40–60 mm length); Technora® (Tch, para-aramid fibre (co-polymer), 51 mm length) and Teijinconex® (Teij, 100% meta-aramid fibre, 51–76 mm length) were kindly offered by Teijin Aramid GmbH (Germany). The main properties of these fibres can be found in Almeida et al. [11 (link)].
All reagents were analytical grade and used as received. High-purity water was used to prepare the solutions of oxalic acid (0.01 M) and ammonium hydroxide (1.0 M) catalysts.
3
Fabrication of Vinyltrimethoxysilane-Modified Kevlar Composites
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Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, 98% purity, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS, 98% purity, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), ethanol (purity ≥ 99.8%, ThermoScientific, Waltham, MA, USA), ammonium hydroxide (25% NH3 in H2O, Fluka Analytical, Darmstadt, Germany), oxalic acid anhydrous (purity ≥ 99%, Fluka, Darmstadt, Germany), hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ, 98.5% purity, ThermoScientific, Waltham, MA, USA), n-heptane (purity ≥ 99.5%, ThermoScientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and Kevlar® pulp (KP, DuPont, Wilmington, USA, 0.5–1.0 mm length) were used as received. High purity water was used to prepare the solutions of oxalic acid (0.01 M) and ammonium hydroxide (1.0 M) catalysts.
4
Synthesis and Verification of Ionic Liquid
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5
Synthesis of Stabilized Polymer Blends
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β-myrcene (stabilized, M), styrene
(stabilized, S), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (≥98.0%,
IL), Span 80, and Tween 20 were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich.
1,6-Hexanediol dimethacrylate (stabilized with MEHQ, HD) was purchased
from TCI America. Ammonium persulfate (≥98.0%) and n-heptane were obtained from Acros Organics. β-myrcene,
styrene, and 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate were purified by passing
through a column of aluminum oxide prior to use. All other chemicals
were used as received.
(stabilized, S), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (≥98.0%,
IL), Span 80, and Tween 20 were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich.
1,6-Hexanediol dimethacrylate (stabilized with MEHQ, HD) was purchased
from TCI America. Ammonium persulfate (≥98.0%) and n-heptane were obtained from Acros Organics. β-myrcene,
styrene, and 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate were purified by passing
through a column of aluminum oxide prior to use. All other chemicals
were used as received.
6
n-Heptane Hydroisomerization Catalytic Experiments
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Catalytic experiments were conducted in an Avantium Flowrence 16
parallel fixed-bed reactor setup. Stainless-steel reactors (internal
diameter = 2 mm) were loaded with 25 mg of the catalyst in a sieve
fraction of 75–212 μm. The product stream coming from
the reactors was analyzed using an online GC (Agilent 7890A or Agilent
7890B) where the hydrocarbon products were analyzed on an Agilent
J&W PoraBOND Q or HP-PONA column, respectively, connected to an
FID. Before catalytic tests, catalysts were reduced at 300 °C
(2 h; 5 °C min–1) in a 25% H2/He
flow. n-C7 hydroisomerization tests were
performed with the following conditions: a molH2 moln-C7–1 ratio of 9, a feed rate of 2.6 gn-C7·gcat–1·h–1, and a total pressure of 10 bar. n-Heptane was obtained from Acros Organics (99+%, pure). He 5.0, N2 5.0, and H2 6.0 gases were obtained from Linde
gas. Results from catalytic tests were obtained by taking the average
of two GC measurements performed under identical conditions. No catalyst
deactivation was observed in the described experiments. The definitions
of n-C7 conversion, product yield, and
selectivity are provided inSupporting Information 1 .
parallel fixed-bed reactor setup. Stainless-steel reactors (internal
diameter = 2 mm) were loaded with 25 mg of the catalyst in a sieve
fraction of 75–212 μm. The product stream coming from
the reactors was analyzed using an online GC (Agilent 7890A or Agilent
7890B) where the hydrocarbon products were analyzed on an Agilent
J&W PoraBOND Q or HP-PONA column, respectively, connected to an
FID. Before catalytic tests, catalysts were reduced at 300 °C
(2 h; 5 °C min–1) in a 25% H2/He
flow. n-C7 hydroisomerization tests were
performed with the following conditions: a molH2 moln-C7–1 ratio of 9, a feed rate of 2.6 gn-C7·gcat–1·h–1, and a total pressure of 10 bar. n-Heptane was obtained from Acros Organics (99+%, pure). He 5.0, N2 5.0, and H2 6.0 gases were obtained from Linde
gas. Results from catalytic tests were obtained by taking the average
of two GC measurements performed under identical conditions. No catalyst
deactivation was observed in the described experiments. The definitions
of n-C7 conversion, product yield, and
selectivity are provided in
7
Photoluminescence Characterization of NIST Standards
8
Silane Grafting on Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
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Silane grafting on HPMC involves a Williamson reaction between the hydroxyl function of HPMC and the epoxide group of silane. Using 420 mL of 1-propanol (Acros, Belgium), 1.9l of n-heptane (Acros, Belgium) were stirred. While stirring, 12 g NaOH and 240 g dry HPMC were added to the mixture. The mixture was kept at room temperature for 50 min under nitrogen bubbling. 36 µL of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) (Aldrich, Germany) (group to be grafted) were added dropwise and temperature was increased to 85 °C. The solution was kept boiling for 3.5 h. Heating was closed and at 40 °C, 30 mL glacial acetic acid was poured to neutralize the reaction. Following 30 min, the mixture was filtered on a buschner. The powder was washed successively four times with 3 L of an acetone/water mixture (85:15 v/v) to eliminate unreacted GPTMS and HPMC-Si powder was dried at 37 °C. The silane percentage commonly used is 0.59 % wt/v [16 (link)].The principle and procedure of the synthesis of Si-HPMC has been described in detail by Bourges et al. [9 (link)].
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Metallic Nanoparticles
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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise noted. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was dried over calcium hydride and potassium prior to use and DMEDA (Acros Organics) over calcium hydride. Ethanol (99.5%), n-heptane, acetic acid (99.9%), L-Selectride (1 M in THF), n-butyllithium (n-BuLi, 2.5 M in hexane), PMMA (M w = 35 kg mol -1 , Acros Organics), tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate (HAuCl 4 •3H 2 O, Alfa Aesar), silver trifluoroacetate (AgTFA), zinc acetate dihydrate, copper acetate, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide monohydrate were used as received.
10
Synthesis and Purification of MFA and Impurities
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The compound (MFA,
99%) and its impurities (copper(II) acetate (98%), CBA (98%), 2–3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline (99%), and benzoic acid (99.5%)) were sourced
from Sigma-Aldrich. The crystallization solvents used included ethyl
acetate (99%, Alfa Aesar) and diglyme (99%, Alpha Aesar), whereas
the wash solvents used were n-heptane (99%, Alfa
Aesar) and cyclohexane (99%, Alpha Aesar).
The HPLC mobile phase
was prepared with water (HPLC grade, VWR), ammonium phosphate (98%,
Sigma-Aldrich), and ammonium hydroxide with a concentration of 3M,
acetonitrile (HPLC grade, VWR), and tetrahydrofuran (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich).
MFA, 2,3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline, benzoic acid,
and CBA cause serious eye damage/irritation. MFA, 2,3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline, and CBA can cause skin irritation.
Diglyme, n-heptane, ethyl acetate, and cyclohexane
are flammable solvents. Ethyl acetate causes serious eye damage/irritation. n-heptane and cyclohexane can cause skin irritation. Diglyme
can cause damage to an unborn child and organ damage. Ethyl acetate, n-heptane, and cyclohexane can cause drowsiness/dizziness.
cyclohexane is toxic if swallowed. n-heptane and
cyclohexane are very toxic to aquatic life.
99%) and its impurities (copper(II) acetate (98%), CBA (98%), 2–3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline (99%), and benzoic acid (99.5%)) were sourced
from Sigma-Aldrich. The crystallization solvents used included ethyl
acetate (99%, Alfa Aesar) and diglyme (99%, Alpha Aesar), whereas
the wash solvents used were n-heptane (99%, Alfa
Aesar) and cyclohexane (99%, Alpha Aesar).
The HPLC mobile phase
was prepared with water (HPLC grade, VWR), ammonium phosphate (98%,
Sigma-Aldrich), and ammonium hydroxide with a concentration of 3M,
acetonitrile (HPLC grade, VWR), and tetrahydrofuran (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich).
MFA, 2,3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline, benzoic acid,
and CBA cause serious eye damage/irritation. MFA, 2,3-dimethyl-N-phenylaniline, and CBA can cause skin irritation.
Diglyme, n-heptane, ethyl acetate, and cyclohexane
are flammable solvents. Ethyl acetate causes serious eye damage/irritation. n-heptane and cyclohexane can cause skin irritation. Diglyme
can cause damage to an unborn child and organ damage. Ethyl acetate, n-heptane, and cyclohexane can cause drowsiness/dizziness.
cyclohexane is toxic if swallowed. n-heptane and
cyclohexane are very toxic to aquatic life.
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