activation was assessed by staining with ethidium monoazide (EMA), anti-CD19-PeCy5,
anti-CD14-PB, anti-CD3-AlexaFluor700 and anti-CD16-Violet500, anti-HLA-DR-FITC and
anti-CD69-PE (all from BD Biosciences). NK cell function was assessed after incubation
with brefeldin A for the final 3h of the 24h co-culture with Huh7/HCV-replicon cells or
Huh7 cells. Alternatively, lymphocytes were removed and exposed to IL-12 (0.5 ng/ml) and
IL-15 (20 ng/ml; both from R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for an additional 18h
with addition of brefeldin A for the last 4h as described 2 (link). Cells were then washed and stained with EMA,
anti-CD19-PeCy5 (BD Biosciences), anti-CD14-PeCy5 (Abd-Serotec, Raleigh, NC) to exclude
dead cells, B cells and monocytes, and with anti-CD3-AlexaFluor700, anti-CD56-PeCy7 and
anti-CD16-PacificBlue to identify NK cells. Cells were washed again, fixed and
permeabilized with the Cytofix/Cytoperm Kit, stained with anti-IFN-γ-Pe (BD
Biosciences), washed, and immediately analyzed on an LSRII flow cytometer using FacsDiva
Version 6.1.3 (BD Biosciences) and FlowJo Version 8.8.2 (Tree Star, Ashland, OR)
software.