After overnight fasting, the peripheral venous blood of patients was collected using a vacutainer tube (without any anticoagulant) and an EDTA-coated tube between 8:00 am and 9:00 am. Serum samples were obtained by centrifuging the collected samples at 3500 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C, and plasma samples were obtained by centrifuging the collected samples at 2000 × g for 10 min at 4 °C. All blood samples were stored at −80 °C until further use.
HbA1c levels of whole blood samples were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (Agilent 1200 device, Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany). Serum TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBG, AST and ALT levels were determined using a biochemical autoanalyser (UniCel DxC 600 Synchron, Beckman Coulter, California, United States). NT-proBNP in the plasma was measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ProBNP Elecsys®, Roche Diagnostics GmbH).