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8 protocols using 2 methoxy 4 methylphenol

1

Flavor Compound Procurement for Analysis

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Diethyl ether, dansyl chloride, and saturated
alkane standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, Dorset,
UK). O-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine
hydrochloride (PFBHA) was purchased from Fluka (Loughborough, UK).
The following food-grade aroma compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(purity in parenthesis): acetaldehyde (≥99%), acetic acid (≥99.5%),
2,3-butanedione (97%), butanoic acid (≥99%), (E)-β-damascenone (≥98%), dimethyl sulfide (≥99%),
5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (97%),
5(or 2)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone
(96%), (Z)-4-heptenal (≥98%), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (10% in propylene glycol), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (≥98%), methional (≥97%), 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol
(≥98%), 2-methoxyphenol (≥99%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol
(≥98%), 2-methylbutanal (≥95%), 3-methylbutanal (≥97%),
3-methylbutanoic acid (99%), 3-methyl-1-butanol (≥98%), methylpropanal
(≥98%), 2,3-pentanedione (≥96%), phenylacetaldehyde
(10% in ethanol), 2-phenylacetic acid (≥99%), 2-phenylethanol
(≥99%), vanillin (≥97%), and 4-vinylphenol (10% in propylene
glycol). Encapsulated 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol flavor standard (0.02–4
ng/g) was purchased from FlavorActiV (Aston Rowant, UK).
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2

Antimicrobial Potential of Plant Extracts

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The MIC of the plant extract was determined by the microdilution method [34 ] in 96-well plates at concentrations ranging from 6.7 to 6900 µg/mL. In addition, the analogue 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol of the main compound identified in plant extracts (4-methoxy-3-methylphenol) was purchased commercially (Sigma) and also investigated. The density of the bacterial suspension was adjusted to approximately 105 CFU/mL, and the results were read after an incubation period of 24 hours at 37°C. The MIC was the lowest concentration causing inhibition of visible growth. In this case, aliquots of 0.1 mL were transferred to plates containing Mueller-Hinton agar. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was considered the lowest concentration that resulted in no growth after incubation for 24 h at 37°C. All assays were performed in duplicate.
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3

Quantitative Peroxidase Assay Protocols

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Methyleugenol (4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene);
eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol); 3,4-dimethoxytoluene; 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol;
3,4-dimethoxyphenol; cerium(IV) sulfate; sulfuric acid; DTPA; hemoglobin;
and HRP (Type VI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Reagents were generally of the highest purity available and were used
as received. The buffer for those reactions using it was 50 mM, pH
7.4, phosphate buffer prepared by diluting a 500 mM solution treated
with Chelex 100 resin (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) to remove adventitious
transition metal ions. These solutions also contained either 1.0 mM
or 0.1 mM DTPA to further hinder trace metal catalysis. The H2O2 concentration was confirmed by absorbance measurements
at 240 nm (ε240 = 39.4 M–1 cm–1).40 (link) In some experiments,
the commercial preparation of HRP was loaded onto a PD-10 gel filtration
column and eluted with 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, treated with
chelex before use. This was done primarily to remove reducing impurities
from the sample. The concentration of HRP was determined from the
Soret maximum at 412 nm (εnative HRP = 102 mM–1 cm–1).41 (link)
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4

Catalytic Hydrogenation of Phenolic Compounds

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2‐Methoxy‐4‐propylphenol (≥99 %), 4‐allyl‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenol (≥95 %), isoeugenol (98 %), eugenol (99 %), 4‐ethylguaiacol (≥98 %), 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol (≥98 %), 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol (≥98 %), 2,6‐dimethoxyphenol (≥98 %), cyclohexanol (99 %), cyclohexanone (99.8 %), cyclohexylamine (99.9 %), 2‐methoxycyclohexanone (97 %), t‐amyl alcohol (99 %), and Raney Ni 2800 were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Guaiacol (>98 %) and phenol (≥99.5 %) were purchased from TCI.
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5

Analytical Standards for Metabolite Analysis

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Deionised water (milliQ, Millipore) was used in all experiments. Chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 95 %), caffeic acid (3,4dihydroxycinnamic acid, > 99 %), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (99 %), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl propionic acid (98 %), 3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (99%), 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (99%), 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (99 %), and 3-phenylpropionic acid (98 %), used as standards of fermentation metabolites, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol Chromasolve ® HPLC grade, pepsin (P-7000, from porcine stomach mucosa, 800-2500 U/mg protein), bile salt (B-8631, porcine), pancreatin (76 190, from hog pancreas, 149 USP U/mg amylase), sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous (NaH 2 PO 4 ), disodium phosphate dihydrate (Na 2 HPO 4 × 2H 2 O), sodium thioglycolate broth, L-cysteine, resazurine sodium salt, glycerol suitable for culture were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 32 %), dimethylsulfoxide, ortho-phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 , 85%), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethanol were obtained from Merck. All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. Tween 80 was ordered by Becton Dickinson. WCB 6 and agar WCA 6 were obtained from ThermoFischer Scientific.
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6

Allergy-Inducing Chemicals Protocol

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4-Ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (oxazolone), 2,4dinitrochlorobenzene, acetaminophen, 3-aminophenol, cinnamic aldehyde, isoeugenol, citral, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, resorcinol, eugenol, geraniol, cinnamic alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, vanillin, lactic acid, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide and 4-aminoacetanilide were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany), whereas N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,5-diamino-1,4-quinone-diimine (Bandrowski's base) was purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Aurora, OH, USA). Sodium dodecyl sulfate and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). 4-Acetamidoacetanilide was synthesized as described (Kawakubo et al., 2000) . 4-Amino-2-methyl-acetanilide, 4-amino-3-methyl-acetanilide and 2,5-diacetaminotoluene were kind gifts from C. Goebel (P&G, Darmstadt, Germany).
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Nanomaterials

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Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, ≥99%), paraffin wax (mp ≥65 °C), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) (99%), palladium(II) nitrate dihydrate, benzaldehyde (≥99%), benzyl alcohol (99.8%), vanillyl alcohol (≥98%), 2-methoxy-4-methyl-phenol (p-creosol, ≥98%), toluene ≥99.5%), decahydronaphthalene(decalin, mixture of cis +trans, ≥99%), heptadecane (99%), dodecane (≥99%), and Sudan III were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Isooctane (99%) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water (≥99.9%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Chloroform (≥99.8%, Macron), methanol (≥99.8%, VWR), ammonium hydroxide (70% w/w, PubChem), silica spheres (500 nm diameter, non-porous, SA 6.02 ± 0.07 m 2 /g, Alfa Aesar), and Methyl Blue (MP Biomedicals) were purchased from suppliers as indicated. Prepurified nitrogen and ultra-high-purity H 2 were obtained from Airgas.
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8

Aroma Compound Analysis Protocol

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The following aroma compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (purity in parenthesis): acetaldehyde (≥99 %), acetic acid (≥99.5 %), 2,3-butanedione (97 %), butanoic acid (≥99 %), dimethyl sulfide (≥99 %), 5(or 2)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (homofuraneol, 96 %), Z-4-heptenal (≥98 %), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (sotolone, 10 % in propylene glycol), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (furaneol, ≥98 %), methional (≥97 %), 2'methoxyacetophenone (99 %), 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (≥98 %), 2-methoxyphenol (≥99 %), 2methoxy-4-vinylphenol (≥98%), 2-methylbutanal (≥95 %), 3-methylbutanal (≥97 %), 3methylbutanoic acid (99 %), 3-methyl-1-butanol (≥98%), methylpropanal (≥98 %), 2methylthiophene (98 %), 2,3-pentanedione (≥96 %), phenylacetaldehyde (10 % in ethanol), 2phenylacetic acid (≥99 %), 2-phenylethanol (≥99 %), vanillin (≥97 %), 4-vinylphenol (10 % in propylene glycol). All were food grade except 2'-methoxyacetophenone and 2-methylthiophene.
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