alkane standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, Dorset,
UK). O-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine
hydrochloride (PFBHA) was purchased from Fluka (Loughborough, UK).
The following food-grade aroma compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(purity in parenthesis): acetaldehyde (≥99%), acetic acid (≥99.5%),
2,3-butanedione (97%), butanoic acid (≥99%), (E)-β-damascenone (≥98%), dimethyl sulfide (≥99%),
5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (97%),
5(or 2)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone
(96%), (Z)-4-heptenal (≥98%), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (10% in propylene glycol), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (≥98%), methional (≥97%), 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol
(≥98%), 2-methoxyphenol (≥99%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol
(≥98%), 2-methylbutanal (≥95%), 3-methylbutanal (≥97%),
3-methylbutanoic acid (99%), 3-methyl-1-butanol (≥98%), methylpropanal
(≥98%), 2,3-pentanedione (≥96%), phenylacetaldehyde
(10% in ethanol), 2-phenylacetic acid (≥99%), 2-phenylethanol
(≥99%), vanillin (≥97%), and 4-vinylphenol (10% in propylene
glycol). Encapsulated 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol flavor standard (0.02–4
ng/g) was purchased from FlavorActiV (Aston Rowant, UK).