The human PCa cell lines, DU145 and PC-3, were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). All cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (HyClone Laboratories; USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scienti c, Inc. USA) at 37°C in a humidi ed atmosphere with 5% CO 2 .
Lentiviral constructs and transfections.
The PNO1 shRNA sequences were got from GeneChem Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying PNO1 shRNA were constructed in accordance to manufacturer's instruction [17] .
PNO1 shRNA-1 was CCGGCCCATGATTGACCAGTCAAATTTCAAGAGAATTTGACTGGTCAATCATGGGTTTTTG.