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6 protocols using diethylamine dea

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Ionic Liquids

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Chemicals and reagents (viz., 1-methyl imidazole; pyridine; diethylamine (DEA); butyl bromide; methane sulfonic acid; dichloroacetic acid; potassium hydrogen sulfate; lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li [Tf2N]); sodium tetrafluoroborate (Na [BF4]); potassium hydrogen sulfate (K[HSO4]); sodium hydroxide) were procured from Sigma Aldrich. All solvents, such as methanol (CH3OH), chloroform (CHCl3), acetonitrile (CH3CN), n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All organic solvents were dried with the help of distillation assembly.
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2

Characterization of Racemic Mephedrone and Methcathinone Compounds

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Racemic mephedrone hydrochloride, racemic mephedrone-d3 hydrochloride (MEPH-d3), S-(−)-methcathinone and R-(+)-methcathinone were purchased as certified reference materials from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Racemic mephedrone hydrochloride in powder form used for the human administration was purchased from Chiron (Trondheim, Norway). The chemical structure, purity and racemic nature of the powder was confirmed by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance.
All solvents were HPLC grade unless stated otherwise. Methanol (MeOH; HPLC grade and Optima LC/MS grade), acetonitrile (ACN), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), dichloromethane (DCM), sodium phosphate monobase, sodium phosphate diabase, formic acid, acetic acid and ammonium hydroxide (0.88 S.G., 35%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Diethylamine (DEA) and ethanol (EtOH; LiChrosolv grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Ultrapure water (18 MΩcm) was prepared on an ELGA Purelab Maxima HPLC water purification system (High Wycombe, UK). Xtrackt® DAU High Flow (150 mg, 3 mL) cartridges were purchased from Chromatography Direct (Runcorn, UK).
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3

Quantification of NDMA Residues

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Standards of nitrosamines NDMA (EPA-1143) (5.0 mg/mL solution in methanol) from Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, USA) and NDMA-d6 (DRE-XA15604010AC) (0.1 mg/mL solution in acetone) from LGC (Teddington, UK) were used for NDMA quantitation. Dichloromethane (DCM) (1.00668), from Merck Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA), was used as a solvent for extraction of NDMA. Diethylamine (DEA) (471216) from supplier Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a scavenger for prevention of in-situ NDMA formation during GC-MS/MS analysis. 26 26. Fritzsche, M. • Blom, G. • Keitel, J. ...
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of PVA-based Antioxidant Complex

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (MW 146,000–186 000, 99 wt% hydrolysed), diethylamine (DEA) (99.5 wt%), l-ascorbic acid (reagent grade), ammonium molybdate (bioreagent 81.0–83.0% MoO3 basis), potassium antimony(iii) tartrate hydrate (99 wt%), citric acid (ACS reagent, ≥99.5%) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (powder, 98 wt%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Sulfuric acid (98 wt%) and hydrochloric acid (35 wt%) were purchased from Chemsupply (Adelaide, Australia). FePO4 (98 wt%) was refined from iron phosphate slag (82 wt%) which was described in our earlier work.24
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5

Racemic Compounds Synthesis and Analysis

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The standard racemic substances of bisoprolol, carvedilol, atenolol, metoprolol and nebivolol, were obtained from Sigma- Aldrich, Germany. nebivolol is a racemate composed of d-nebivolol and l-nebivolol with the stereochemical designations of [SRRR]-nebivolol and [RSSS]-nebivolol, respectively. HPLC-grade n-hexane, ethanol and methanol were purchased from Sigma- Aldrich, Germany. Diethylamine (DEA) was of analytical reagent grade and supplied from Sigma- Aldrich, Germany.
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6

Extraction and Analysis of Ipomoea aquatica

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Methanol (MeOH) (HPLC grade), acetonitrile (ACN) (HPLC grade), glacial acetic acid (AA) (100 %), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and anisaldehyde were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (≥98%), diethylamine (DEA) (≥99.5%) and methanol-d4 (99.8% D) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); MeOH AnalaR NORMAPUR ® (analytical reagent) from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France), n-hexane from SDFCL (Maharashtra, India), dichloromethane (DCM) (99.5%) from BDH (Leicestershire, UK), and ethyl acetate (EA) (99.9%) from ROMIL (Cambridge, UK); sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (96% solution in water) was obtained from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA) and ultrapure water was produced by an Arium pro ultrapure water system (Sartorius, Gottingen, Germany). The fresh plants of Ipomoea aquatica (aerial parts) were collected in Darfur, West Sudan in March 2010. A voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of the Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
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