Aqueous hydrochloric acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in China

Aqueous hydrochloric acid is a chemical solution composed of hydrogen chloride (HCl) dissolved in water. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent with a variety of applications in chemical analysis, synthesis, and testing procedures.

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5 protocols using aqueous hydrochloric acid

Synthesis of Platinum Group Metal Complexes

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Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (Na₂PdCl₄), potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) (K₂PtCl₄), rhodium(III) chloride hydrate (RhCl₃·xH₂O), hydrogen hexachloroiridate(IV) chloride hydrate (H₂IrCl₆·xH₂O), ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate (RuCl₃·xH₂O), AA, potassium bromide (KBr), and PVP (weight-average
molecular weight ≈ 55,000), aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl; 37% by weight), aqueous nitric acid (HNO₃; 70% by weight), and EG were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized (DI) water with a resistivity of 18.2 megohm·cm was used for all the experiments.

Liu Y.H., Hsieh C.J., Hsu L.C., Lin K.H., Hsiao Y.C., Chi C.C., Lin J.T., Chang C.W., Lin S.C., Wu C.Y., Gao J.Q., Pao C.W., Chang Y.M., Lu M.Y., Zhou S, & Yang T.H. (2023). Toward controllable and predictable synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanocrystals. Science Advances, 9(19), eadf9931.

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Synthesis of Pt, Pd, and Ru Nanoparticles

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Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP, M_w ≈ 55 000), ruthenium(iii) chloride (RuCl₃, 99%), sodium hexachloroplatinate hexahydrate (Na₂PtCl₆·6H₂O, 98%), ascorbic acid (AA, 99%), sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na₂PdCl₄, 98%), potassium bromide (KBr, 99%), aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution with a concentration of 37%, ferric chloride (FeCl₃, 97%), acetic acid (99.7%), and isopropyl alcohol (99.7%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone (99.5%), aqueous perchloric acid (HClO₄, PPT Grade, 70% in water), commercial Pt/C (20 wt%, ca. 3.2 nm Pt nanoparticles on Vulcan XC-72 carbon support), commercial PtRu/C (1 : 1, 20 wt%) and ethylene glycol (EG, 99%) were ordered from VWR, Veritas, Premetek Co., and J. T. Baker, respectively. To prepare the aqueous solutions, deionized water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹ at room temperature was used.

Leng Z., Wu X., Li X., Li J., Qian N., Ji L., Yang D, & Zhang H. (2022). PdPtRu nanocages with tunable compositions for boosting the methanol oxidation reaction. Nanoscale Advances, 4(4), 1158-1163.

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Post-Mortem Eye Iron Staining

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Paraffin human post mortem eye tissues were stained for iron by the Perls method. Briefly, Perls reaction staining was performed after deparaffinization by incubating slides in a solution containing 4% potassium ferrocyanide (Sigma) in 4% aqueous hydrochloric acid (Sigma) for 1 h at room temperature to yield a Prussian blue reaction product. Sensitivity for iron detection was enhanced by incubation in 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine Tetrahydrochloride (DAB, Vector Labs, Eurobio, Courtabouef, France) for 1 h at room temperature, producing a brown reaction product. Nucleus counterstaining was performed by incubation in a solution of 1% nuclear red (Merck) for 30 s. Stained sections were mounted in aqueous medium. Control of amplification was realized by incubation of sections with DAB without the preceding Perls reaction step. Sections were analyzed by brightfield microscopy (Zeiss, Rueil Malmaison, France) and pictures were acquired using identical exposure conditions in the optic nerve or at a similar distance from the optic nerve.

Youale J., Bigot K., Kodati B., Jaworski T., Fan Y., Nsiah N.Y., Pappenhagen N., Inman D.M., Behar-Cohen F., Bordet T, & Picard E. (2022). Neuroprotective Effects of Transferrin in Experimental Glaucoma Models. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(21), 12753.

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Fabrication of CS/GO Hydrogel Scaffolds

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Herein, 2.0 g CS (degree of deacetylation ≥ 95%, Macklin, Shanghai, China) was dissolved in 100 mL aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol/L, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, State of Missouri, USA) under sterile conditions. The pH of the resulting solution was adjusted to approximately 7.25 by β-glycerophosphate sodium solution (70% w/v, Solarbio, Beijing, China). Then, appropriate amounts of GNP solution (1% w/v, Sigma-Aldrich) and GO aqueous solution (3 mg/mL, Macklin) were added to the abovementioned solution. By mechanical stirring and ultrasonic breaking, CS/GO mixed solutions with different GO concentrations were prepared. Thereafter, these mixed solutions were centrifuged at 4°C and 3000 r/min for 10 min and then placed in a biochemical incubator at 37°C to form the hydrogels. Finally, these hydrogels were frozen at -80°C for 4 h and then placed in a vacuum freeze dryer (Biobase, Jinan, Shandong province, China) to construct hydrogel scaffolds.

Zhang L., Li X., Shi C., Ran G., Peng Y., Zeng S, & He Y. (2021). Biocompatibility and Angiogenic Effect of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel Scaffolds on EPCs. Stem Cells International, 2021, 5594370.

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Levoglucosenone Synthesis and Derivatization

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Chemical and reagents. All manipulations with air-sensitive chemicals and reagents were performed using standard Schlenk techniques on a dual-manifold line, on a high-vacuum line. Levoglucosenone was graciously provided by Circa group. Potassium carbonate 99% (Acros), cesium carbonate 99.5% (Acros), hydrogen peroxide 30% (Fischer). Isosorbide, palladium on carbon (10%), aqueous hydrochloric acid (36% w/w), 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (98%), benzyl 2,2,2trichloroacetimidate (99%) and dimethyl carbonate (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. HPLC grade solvents (dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, methanol, dichloromethane and cyclohexane) were purchased from Thermofisher Scientific and used as received. Ultra-pure laboratorygrade water was obtained from MilliQ,18.2 megaOhms. TLC analyses were performed on an aluminum strip coated with Silica Gel 60 F254 from Merck, revealed under UV-light (254 nm) then in presence of potassium permanganate staining solution. All chemicals and reagents were used as received without purification.

Fadlallah S., Flourat A.L., Mouterde L.M.M., Annatelli M., Peru A.A.M., Gallos A., Aricò F, & Allais F. (2021). Sustainable Hyperbranched Functional Materials via Green Polymerization of Readily Accessible Levoglucosenone-Derived Monomers. Macromolecular rapid communications, 42(19).

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