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Fe3O4 is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen, commonly known as magnetite. It is a naturally occurring mineral that exhibits strong magnetic properties. Fe3O4 is a key component in various laboratory equipment and instruments used for research and analysis purposes.

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5 protocols using fe3o4

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanometal Oxides

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All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification. PMS (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4, 4.5% active oxygen) was purchased from Beijing J&K Co., Ltd. Nanoscale oxides of Mn3O4, Fe3O4, ZnO, and Co3O4 and Zn(C5H7O2)2, Fe(C5H7O2)3, and Mn(C5H7O2)3 chemicals were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Mobile phase (gradient-grade methanol and acetonitrile) and spin trapping reagents (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide [DMPO] and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone [TEMP]) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Other chemicals and materials were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, purity>98%), NaCl, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, purity>99%), and acetic acid (AA, purity>99%) were purchased from ChengDu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Fe3O4 was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H2BDC-NH2, purity≥98%) was purchased from Shanghai DiBai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). CA (purity≥98%) was purchased from Chengdu Herb Substance Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). CCA (purity≥98%) and NCA (purity≥98%) were purchased from Chengdu Desite Biological Technologies Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China), and their chemical structures are shown in Fig. S1. The water used for all the experiments was purified using a water purification system (ATSelem 1820A, Antesheng Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China). All the solvents used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, such as methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN), were of HPLC-grade and purchased from Adamas-beta (Shanghai, China).
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3

Immobilized Lipase Production in P. pastoris

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The engineering strain P. pastoris GS115 producing the recombinant lipase from A. niger GZUF36 was prepared in our previous work (Xing et al. 2021 (link)) and stored in our laboratory. Fe3O4, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CP-TMS), N-methylimidazole (MI), and p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NPP) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. The BCA assay and standard bovine serum albumin (BSA) were obtained from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) and tetraethyl orthosilicate were purchased from Shanghai Yien Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. All other reagents were analytical grade unless otherwise specified.
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4

Fabrication of Gelatin Microrobots

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Gelatin microparticles (microrobots) were synthesized in a multi-channel fluidic module based on the shear stress of two-phase flow (Figure 3A). 0.5 g of gelatin [Cas (9000–70–8), Aladdin, Shanghai, China] was first dissolved in 10 ml of deionized (DI) water. Then, an additional 2 ml of Fe3O4 (10–30 nm, 25% in H2O, Macklin, Shanghai, China), 1 ml EPZ015666 (10 uM, Cat. No.: HY-12727, MedChemExpress, United States) stained by rhodamine (Macklin, Shanghai, China), and 10 mg 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Macklin, Shanghai, China) were added. The mixed solution and dimethyl silicone oil (Macklin, Shanghai, China) were injected into microfluidic chips as sample flow (disperse phase) and sheath flow (continuous phase) using syringe pumps (Harvard Apparatus, United States), respectively. Gelatin microparticles were generated and then irradiated using UV light source. After 10 min of irradiation, the case-hardened gelatin microparticles were obtained, collected by centrifugation, and then washed thrice with DI water to remove oil and any other residue.
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5

Photothermal Responsive Magnetic Soft Robots

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PNIPAM prepolymer is made up of NIPAM monomer (>98%), BIS (>99%), and TPO. Among these, NIPAM monomer (>98%) and BIS (>99%) were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. (Shanghai, China), and TPO was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA). PEGDA prepolymer is is made up of PEGDA monomer and TPO. PEGDA monomer was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (United States). The photothermal conversion capability and magnetic response characteristic of the robot are provided by CNTs and Fe3O4, respectively. The CNTs used are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which were purchased from Tianfeng Graphene Technology Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China) and their diameter was 100 nm. Fe3O4 was purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). In addition, experimental consumables such as ethanol, PI film, and FEP film were purchased from Taizhou Taifiilong Products Co., Ltd., (Taizhou, China).
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