Pre- and post-procedural examinations were performed with a 3-T MRI device (General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA), using a sixteen-channel flexible coil (GEM suite, GE Healthcare, USA). Each examination included axial T1-weighted and STIR; axial and sagittal T2-weighted; axial fat-suppressed T2-weighted and fat suppressed PD; sagittal fat-suppressed PD, T1-weighted CUBE; coronal T1 weighted and T2-weighted, STIR and fat-suppressed PD; and post-contrast axial T1-weighted and sagittal T1-weighted CUBE images. For the manual measurements, the nidus volume was calculated from the anterior–posterior × medio-lateral × craniocaudal dimensions ×0,52 formula, using T1-weighted MR images. For the software-aided MRI measurements, the images were evaluated at a workstation (GE Medical Systems AW volume share 5, Milwaukee, WI). T1 weighted FSE CUBE sequences with 3D MIPs were used in MRI volume calculations. With the use of auto counter tool, manual adjustments were performed in order to obtain the optimal semi-automated nidal volume calculations.
Gem suite
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The GEM suite is a comprehensive portfolio of laboratory equipment designed for clinical applications. It provides analytical capabilities for the measurement and monitoring of critical clinical parameters. The GEM suite offers a range of instruments and solutions to support the needs of healthcare professionals in various clinical settings.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
4 protocols using gem suite
1
3T MRI Volumetric Assessment of Arteriovenous Malformations
2
Lumbar Vertebrae MRI and MRS Assessments
3
Multiparametric MRI Liver Protocol
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In one institution, MRE was performed on a 1.5T GE Optima MR450w MRI with GEM
Suite (GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA). In the second institution, MRE
was performed on a 1.5T Philips Achieva (Philips, Amsterdm, Netherlands). The
MRE protocols, previously described,17
are detailed inSupplemental Tables 1 and 2 . Oral contrast media used was
mannitol (360 ml Osmitrol 20% diluted in 1.5 l water) or polyethylene glycol
(SELG-Esse diluted in 1.5 l water). Patients received an intravenous infusion
containing 0.5 mg glucagon or N-butyloscopolamine. Liver acquisition with volume
acquisition (GE LAVA or Philips THRIVE) sequences were acquired before and 40 s
after injection of intravenous contrast medium (gadoterate meglumine,
0.5 mmol/ml by 0.2 ml/kg, or gadobutrol 0.1 ml/kg).
Suite (GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA). In the second institution, MRE
was performed on a 1.5T Philips Achieva (Philips, Amsterdm, Netherlands). The
MRE protocols, previously described,17
are detailed in
mannitol (360 ml Osmitrol 20% diluted in 1.5 l water) or polyethylene glycol
(SELG-Esse diluted in 1.5 l water). Patients received an intravenous infusion
containing 0.5 mg glucagon or N-butyloscopolamine. Liver acquisition with volume
acquisition (GE LAVA or Philips THRIVE) sequences were acquired before and 40 s
after injection of intravenous contrast medium (gadoterate meglumine,
0.5 mmol/ml by 0.2 ml/kg, or gadobutrol 0.1 ml/kg).
4
Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Lumbar Nerve Roots
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A 3.0 T superconductive MRI machine (GE Healthcare DISCOVERY MR750W with GEM Suite, Milwaukee, U.S.) was used with an 8-channel spine coil, gradient field of 40 mT/m, and a gradient switching rate 150 mT/m·s. An axial DTI scan (28 directional) was conducted for 6 min and 16 s with a single-shot spin-echo planar imaging sequence with the following parameters: TR/TE=10,000/72.3 ms; B value, 600 s mm-2; Slice thickness, 3.0 mm; layer spacing, 0; number of layers, 39; matrix, 128 x 128; FOV, 24 x 24 cm; and NEX 1.0, diffusion - sensitive gradient direction. Then, a senior radiologist analyzed the images using GE AW Server 3.2 The region of interest (ROI) was placed on the images and copied to all the images of series including DTI and then measured the ADC and FA. Three continuous scan planes were used to position the ROI. Nerve roots at the intraspinal (IS), intraforaminal (IF), and extraforaminal (EF) intervertebral foramina - were separately measured on the affected and contralateral normal sides, as demonstrated in Fig. 1(A) , 1(B) . The size of ROI was 20 -40 mm2. ADC and FA values of the bilateral nerve roots in L3 -L4, L4 -L5, and L5 -S1 were measured in subjects.
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