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101 protocols using bacto tryptone

1

Nitrogen Sources' Impact on Ammonia Production

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Luria–Bertani (LB) medium was prepared with 10 g/L Bacto™ Tryptone (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Detroit, MI, USA), 5 g/L Bacto™ Yeast Extract (Becton) and 10 g/L NaCl (Wako chemicals, Osaka, Japan). M9-YE medium was prepared with 6 g/L K2HPO4, 3 g/L KH2PO4, 0.5 g/L NaCl, 7.25 g/L yeast extract, 0.1 mM CaCl2, and 1 mM MgSO4. In the experiment for the examination of effects of nitrogen sources on ammonia production, Bacto™ Tryptone (Becton), Bacto™ Peptone (Becton), or Bacto™ Casamino acids (Becton) were used instead of Bacto™ Yeast Extract in M9-YE medium. Ampicillin (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan, 100 μg/mL) and kanamycin (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan, 25 μg/mL) were added as appropriate.
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2

Comparative Evaluation of Culture Media

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The TYfor (tryptone-yeast extract) culture medium contained 30 g/L tryptone (Formedium) and 20 g/L yeast extract. The TYbac (Bacto tryptone-yeast extract) culture medium contained 30 g/L Bacto tryptone (BD Biosciences), and 20 g/L yeast extract. N-Z-Soy BL4 culture medium contained 30 g/L N-Z-Soy BL4 and 20 g/L yeast extract. BHI culture medium contained 37 g/L brain heart infusion broth and 20 g/L yeast extract. The PY (peptone-yeast extract) culture medium contained 30 g/L peptone and 20 g/L yeast extract. The composition for TY seed medium used in this study was as follows: 24 g/L tryptone (Formedium) and 12 g/L yeast extract.
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3

Preparing E. coli culture for motility assay

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A single colony of E. coli MG1655 strain (DSM #18039) was picked up from a MacConkey Agar No.3 plate (cat# CM0115, Oxoid), and grown overnight at C, 265 g, in 1 ml of Tryptone Broth (TB) containing 1% wt/vol Bacto Tryptone (Bacto Tryptone, cat# 211705, BD Biosciences) and 0.8% wt/vol NaCl. The saturated culture was then diluted 1:100 into fresh medium (1 ml TB) and grown for 3.5 hr, 265 g, at until reaching mid‐log phase (OD600 = 0.5). Bacterial cells were harvested from culture media by centrifugation (2.200 g, 10 min) at room temperature, and the pellet was resuspended by gently mixing, avoiding pipetting, in prewarmed motility buffer [10 mmol/L potassium phosphate, 0.1 mmol/L Na‐EDTA (pH 7.0), 76 mmol/L NaCl, and 0.002% Tween 20]. This process was repeated three times to achieve growth medium depletion and a suitable final bacteria concentration (Min et al., 2009).
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4

Diverse Soil Bacteria Isolation Protocol

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For culture experiments, Soil Extract Medium (SEM) was used and prepared according to Mandakovic et al. (2018a (link)). Briefly, SEM was prepared by mixing agar with the water soluble portion of the soil from the sampling sites, supplemented with Fungizone (2.5 μg/ml). This medium was either: (1) supplemented with Lysogeny Broth (LB-SEM; 10 g/l Bacto Tryptone (BD), 5 g/l Yeast Extract (BD), 10 g/l NaCl); or (2) supplemented with Diluted Lysogeny Broth (10% LB-SEM; 1 g/l Bacto Tryptone (BD), 0.5 g/l Yeast Extract (BD), 1 g/l NaCl). The pH of these media was adjusted to pH 7. Each medium was incubated in a combination of 2 conditions: temperature (15 or 30°C) and oxygen availability (aerobic or anaerobic conditions). This factorial design of three factors returned the eight conditions used in this study, and offered a wider range of conditions that the highland environment displayed, to isolate a higher diversity of soil bacteria.
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5

Microbial Strain Propagation and Selection

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Strain, media and reagents E. coli DH5α (Novagen, USA) was used for propagation of recombinant plasmids. Luria-Bertani broth (LB) medium (0.5% Bacto yeast extract, 1% Bacto-tryptone [Difco Laboratories], 1% NaCl, pH 7.0) containing 50 µg/mL of kanamycin or 100 µg/mL of ampicillin was used for culturing E. coli carrying transformed vectors. S. cerevisiae strain BY4741 was used as the host for constructing the caffeic acid biosynthetic pathway. YPD medium (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone and 2% glucose) was used for cultivation of S. cerevisiae strains. Geneticin (G418, 200 µg/mL) was supplemented in YPD agar for selection of engineered yeast strain. SD (synthetic complete drop-out medium, 20 g/L D-glucose, 5 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.7 g/L yeast nitrogen base) supplemented with 100 mg/L uracil, 100 mg/L L-histidine-HCL, 100 mg/L L-methionine, 150 mg/L L-leucine, 150 mg/L L-lysine-HCL and 1 mg/ml of 5-Fluoroorotic acid was used for selection of recombinants with KanMX-URA-PRB322ori marker excision.
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6

Aerobic Bacterial Growth in LBGMg Medium

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The organisms were grown aerobically at 30°C in LBGMg medium consisting of 1% Bacto Tryptone (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA), 0.5% Bacto Yeast Extract (Difco), 1% NaCl, 0.1% glucose, and 10 mM MgSO 4 [18] . When necessary, this medium was solidified with 1.5% (wt vol -1 ) agar and supplemented with ampicillin (50 μg mL -1 ) and/or kanamycin (25 μg mL -1 ). Recombinant strains were grown in LBGMg medium containing 0.2 mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), 0.01% (wt vol -1 ) L-arabinose, ampicillin, and kanamycin. This medium was named LBGMg(IPTG, Ara, Amp, Km) medium.
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7

Microbial Strain Propagation and Selection

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Strain, media and reagents E. coli DH5α (Novagen, USA) was used for propagation of recombinant plasmids. Luria-Bertani broth (LB) medium (0.5% Bacto yeast extract, 1% Bacto-tryptone [Difco Laboratories], 1% NaCl, pH 7.0) containing 50 µg/mL of kanamycin or 100 µg/mL of ampicillin was used for culturing E. coli carrying transformed vectors. S. cerevisiae strain BY4741 was used as the host for constructing the caffeic acid biosynthetic pathway. YPD medium (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone and 2% glucose) was used for cultivation of S. cerevisiae strains. Geneticin (G418, 200 µg/mL) was supplemented in YPD agar for selection of engineered yeast strain. SD (synthetic complete drop-out medium, 20 g/L D-glucose, 5 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.7 g/L yeast nitrogen base) supplemented with 100 mg/L uracil, 100 mg/L L-histidine-HCL, 100 mg/L L-methionine, 150 mg/L L-leucine, 150 mg/L L-lysine-HCL and 1 mg/ml of 5-Fluoroorotic acid was used for selection of recombinants with KanMX-URA-PRB322ori marker excision.
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8

Carvacrol's Effect on Bacterial Motility

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To assess the effect of carvacrol on bacterial motility, a colony grown on LB agar was stabbed into semi-solid medium (1% Bacto tryptone; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, United States), 0.5% (w/v) NaCl, and 0.35% agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, United States) with or without carvacrol at sub-inhibitory concentrations (100 and 150 μg/ml). Bacterial swarming was assessed after incubating the stabbed E. coli at 37°C for 24 h. Motility was further confirmed by the non-quantitative hanging-drop technique (Inamuco et al., 2012 (link)). In brief, a droplet of bacterial culture was suspended from a glass coverslip over a microscope slide with a central concavity. The motility of bacterial cells was observed at a magnification of 100x under a light microscope.
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9

Cultivation of Sticky E. coli Strain

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E. coli strain SYC12 was derived from strain RP437, which has the wild-type chemotactic phenotype25 (link) and carries the fliC-sticky allele. Cells were grown overnight from frozen aliquots (0.1 mL) in lysogeny broth and stored at − 80 °C in 5 mL of T-broth (1% Bacto tryptone, Difco Laboratories) with 10% (vol/vol) dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5% sodium chloride at 30 °C for 5 h26 (link).
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10

Preparing Competent E. coli Cells

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LB medium with Miller's composition was used throughout this study. The medium was prepared at 2× concentration from 20 g L−1 BactoTryptone (Difco Laboratories), 10 g L−1 yeast extract (Difco Laboratories) and 20 g L−1 NaCl. The medium was sterilized by filtration using PES membranes with 0.22 μm pores.
Escherichia coli HST08 premium competent cells were purchased from Takara Bio Inc., Japan. This strain was used to create GSs for all electrofusion experiments in the study. Upon receiving them, the competent cells were stored at −80 °C until use. The frozen cells were thawed on ice, inoculated in 3 mL of LB medium (1000× dilution), and incubated at 37 °C while shaking at 250 rpm for 2 hours. Then, the cells were inoculated on an LB agar plate and further incubated overnight. The following morning, the plate was collected and stored at 4 °C until use, which occurred within two months. After this period the plates were discarded to prevent contamination, and made anew from the stock of frozen cells.
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