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92 protocols using cd45 fitc

1

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets

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Flow cytometry was performed as described (6 (link)). Cells were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (Fc Block; BD Biosciences) before staining with primary antibody or isotype controls. Ten-thousand to 50,000 events per sample were acquired using an LSRII flow cytometer (BD-Biosciences) and analyzed with Flowjo flow cytometry software (Tree Star Inc.). The following antibodies were used: CD11b-Brilliant Violet 421, Tim4-PE, CD138-APC, CD138-PE F4/80- Pacific Blue, Ly6G-APC-Cy7, Ly6C-APC-Cy7, CD80-PerCp-Cy5, CD40-PerCP-Cy5, CD206- PerCP-Cy5, CCR2-FITC, CX3CR1-FITC, CD169-APC, CCR5-APC, CD36-PE, CD36-AlexaFluor 488, and IL-10R-PE (Biolegend); Marco-FITC (Biorad); Ly6C-FITC, CD86-FITC, CD11c-FITC, I-A/I-E-PE, CD93-PE (BD Bioscience); CREB-PE and Phospho-CREB-FITC (Cell Signaling); CD11b-Pacific Blue, CD45-FITC, TLR4-PE, CD45-FITC (eBioscience). Buffers used in intracellular staining were from eBioscience. For cell-sorting, PEC from untreated B6 mice were stained with anti-CD11b, Tim4, and CD138 antibodies. CD11b+Tim4+ and CD11b+CD138+ cells were gated and sorted (FACSaria cell sorter). Forty-thousand cells/subset were collected and lysed immediately for RNA extraction.
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2

Quantifying Immune Cell Infiltration in Mouse Brain Injury

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C57Bl/6 mice were euthanized at 7 days post-injury and transcardially perfused with PBS, followed by 4 % paraformaldehyde. Brains were removed, post-fixed, and cryoprotected in 30 % sucrose. Thirty-micrometer sections were cut on a cryostat (Microm HM550, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Brain sections were treated with blocking buffer (10 % goat serum/0.1 % BSA/0.01 % Triton X-100) for 1 h at RT and stained O/N at 4 °C with antibodies against CD45-FITC (1:200, eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), CCR2 (1:100, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), CD11b (1:200, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), and F4/80 (1:200, AbD Serotec, Raleigh, NC). After washing with PBS, three times, secondary Abs (1:200; anti-Rabbit-Cys3; Jackson ImmunoLaboratories, West Grove, PA, USA, anti-Hamster rat-Cys3; Jackson ImmunoLaboratories) were added and incubated for 1 h at RT. Slides were washed with PBS for 5 min, three times, and then coverslipped with mounting media with DAPI (Prolong Gold with DAPI, Invitrogen). The stained brain tissue sections were photographed with a ×20 objective using the BIOREVO all-in-one fluorescence microscope (BZ-9000 Generation II, Keyence microscope), and positive signal was measured using BZ-9000 Generation II analyzer (Keyence).
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3

Antibody-based Adipose Tissue Characterization

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Antibodies to IRβ, P-T308-Akt, P-S473-Akt and Pan-Akt (all used at 1/1000 dilution) were from Cell Signaling. UCP1 antibody (#10983) was from AbCam (used at 1/100 for IHC and at 1/1000 for western blot). Live/dead Blue (Molecular Probes, L23105), CD31-PE-CY7 (eBioscience, 25-0311)(used at 1/1000), CD45-PE-CY7 (eBioscience, 25-0451) (used at 1/1000), CD29-AlexaFluor700 (Biolegend, 102218)(used at 1/400), CD34-AlexaFluor647 (Biolegend, 119314)(used at 1/200), Sca1-Pacific Blue (BD Bioscience, 560653)(used at 1/1000), CD45-FITC (eBioscience, 11-0451) (used at 1/200) were used for flow cytometry. CL316,243 was from Tocris.
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4

Isolation and Culture of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells

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The hindlimb muscles were minced and digested with 0.2% type II collagenase (Sigma) and 2.5 U/ml dispase (Roche) for 1 h. Each sample was consecutively filtered through 70- and 40-μm cell strainers. The cell suspension was then centrifuged at 600g. Finally, the pellet was washed with FACS buffer (3% FBS in PBS) and stained with CD31-FITC (eBioscience, cat. no. 11-0311-82), CD45-FITC (eBioscience, cat. no. 11-0451-82), Sca1-PerCP (eBioscience, cat. no. 45-5981-82), and α7-integrin-APC (AbLab, cat. no. 67-0010-05) for 1 h at 4°C. We obtained SCs, followed by CD31, CD45, Sca1, and α7-integrin+ cells. FACS-purified SCs were cultured in 24-well plates (NUNC) in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM; Gibco) with 20% FBS (Gibco) and basic FGF (bFGF; 5 ng/ml, Invitrogen). To induce the differentiation, proliferating cells were incubated with DMEM supplemented with 2% horse serum (HS; Gibco).
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5

Characterization of PPAR-stimulated iMSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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Pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs were stained using human MACSPlex Exosome Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), and analyzed using an Attune NxT flow cytometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For analyzing the effect of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs on hepatocyte regeneration, the hepatocytes were stained with anti-human CD90 APC-Cy7 antibody (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) after pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs treatment and analyzed using the Attune NxT flow cytometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). To confirm whether pan PPAR agonist-stimulated iMSCs express the typical cell surface markers for MSCs, pan PPAR agonist-stimulated iMSCs were stained with CD73 APC, CD105 PE, CD45 FITC, CD31 PE, and CD34 APC (eBioscience, Waltham, MA, USA) and CD90 APC-Cy7 (BioLegend) antibodies. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted using an Attune NxT flow cytometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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6

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Microglia and Astrocytes

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Flow cytometry analysis of microglia from mice was performed using antibodies CD11b‐APC (BioLegend, #101212), CD45‐FITC (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, #11‐0451), CD36‐PE (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, #12‐0361), and PD‐1 using 29F.1A12 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA). 7‐AAD staining was used to exclude dead cells from the analysis. Cultured microglia were incubated in DMEM supplemented with N2 overnight with 1 µM Aβ1‐42 or 100 ng/ml LPS. Staining was performed using APC‐CD11b (BioLegend, Uithoorn, the Netherlands, #101212) and PE‐PD‐1 (BioLegend, Uithoorn, the Netherlands, #135205) or PE‐IgG2ak isotype control antibodies at 4°C. Astrocytes were incubated in neurobasal medium overnight with 1 µM Aβ1‐42 or 100 U/μl Interferon‐γ /10 μg/ml TNF‐α. Cells were stained with PE‐PD‐L1 (BioLegend, Uithoorn, the Netherlands) or PE‐IgG2bk isotype control antibodies at 4°C. Samples were analyzed on a FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Bioscience, Heidelberg, Germany). Data were evaluated using FlowJo 10 (Tree Star, Ashland, OR).
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7

Isolation of Murine Prostate Cells

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Isolation of prostate cells from adult mice was performed using the published method. Single cells were resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 3% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and incubated with antibodies on ice for 45 minutes. Antibodies are: CD49f-PE (1:160; clone eBioGoH3; eBioscience; cat no 12-0495-83); Sca-1-PE-Cy7 (1:500; clone E13-161.7; BioLegend; cat no 122514); Ter119-FITC (1:250; clone TER-119; eBioscience; cat no 11-5921-85); CD31-FITC (1:250; clone 390; eBioscience; cat no 11-0311-85); CD45-FITC (1:250; clone 30-F11; eBioscience; cat no 11-0451-85). Cell isolations were performed on a Moflo XDP cell sorter (Beckman Coulter).
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8

Immunophenotyping of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

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Isolated cells from adipose tissue samples of each diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were trypsinized at passage 4, pelleted and suspended in FCM buffer (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.5 % Bovine Serum Albumin). The immunophenotyping of D-ASCs and ND-ASCs was performed using conjugated antibodies, including CD105-PE, CD34-PE, CD45-FITC, CD73-FITC, and CD90-PerCP (eBioscience, USA). Appropriate isotype-matched control mouse antibodies for PE, FITC and PerCP (eBioscience, USA) were used in all analyses. The cells were incubated with 10 µl of each antibody or isotype antibody for 45 min at 4 °C. After incubation time, cells were washed three times with FCM buffer, fixed with 1 % paraformaldehyde and subjected to flow cytometry (FACS Calibur, Becton Dickinson, USA). Data of flow cytometry were analyzed by the FLOWJO V.7.6 software (FLOWJO, LLC, USA).
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9

Immunophenotyping of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

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ASC at 5P were trypsinized and centrifuged at 1,800 rpm for 10 min and counted using the Neubauer chamber. 1 × 106 ASCs were resuspended in 200 μL of DMPBS Flush with 2% BSA (bovine serum albumin) and the following antibodies were used: CD90-APC (eBioscience®, San Diego, CA, USA), CD105-PE (BD-PharmingenTM, San Diego, CA, USA) and CD45-FITC (eBioscience®, San Diego, CA, USA) (Dominici et al., 2006 (link)). Subsequently, ASC were washed twice with 500 μL of DMPBS Flush and centrifuged at 2,000 rpm for 7 min. The ASCs were resuspended in DMPBS Flush with 2% BSA, following by the flow cytometry analysis.
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10

Immunophenotypic Characterization of MSCs

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The immunophenotype of MSCs was determined by flow cytometry according to previous described methods29 (link),30 (link). Second-passage MSCs were harvested, non specific binding was blocked and the cells were stained with different antibodies against the human antigens: CD29-FITC, CD90- FITC and CD45-FITC(eBioscience, California, USA). Nonspecific isotype matched antibodies were used as controls. The fluorescence intensity of the cells was evaluated by flow cytometer and the data were analyzed with the CytExpert software (Beckman Coulter, California, USA). Results are presented as percent positively stained cells.
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