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9 protocols using bw723c86

1

Neurotransmitter Receptor Ligands Assay

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Acetylcholine chloride, 5-CT maleate, 5-HT creatinine sulfate, forskolin, and norepinephrine hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO). 8-OH-DPAT, AS-19, BW723C86, CP93129, LP-44, LY215840, LY272015, mCPBG, PNU109291, SB269970, and TCB-2 were purchased from Tocris (R& D systems, Minneapolis, MN). ET-1 (1-21) was purchased from Bachem (Torrance, CA).
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2

Molecular Mechanisms of Serotonin Receptor Signaling

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Sumatriptan succinate (sumatriptan), α-methylserotonin maleate (MS), 1-(3-chlorophenyl) biguanide hydrochloride (mCPBG), 5-methoxytryptamine (MT), WAY208466, LP12, 2’,3’-dideoxyadenosine
(ddAdo), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-CE), KH7, 2,4-dithenoyl-1,2,5-oxadiazone n2-oxide (HC-056456, HC), U73122, U73343, D609, ET-18-OCH3, neomycin, spermine, and bisindolylmaleimide 1 (Bis-1) were
purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). TCB2, BW723C86, and MK212 were purchased from TOCRIS Bioscience (Bristol, UK). H-89, mibefradil (Mib), and NNC 55–0396 (NNC) were purchased
from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Anti 5-HT2A receptor antibody (SR-2A (A-4); sc-166775) and anti-5-HT4 receptor antibody (SR-4 (G-3); sc-376158) were
purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, Texas, USA). Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes were purchased from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). The molecular weight marker
set was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. (Hercules, CA, USA). EzWestLumi Plus® was purchased from ATTO Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Xestospongin C, anti-mouse IgG antibody
conjugated peroxidase, bovine serum albumin (BSA), fraction V, and other reagent grade chemicals were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan).
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3

Pharmacological Evaluation of Receptor Ligands

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Olanzapine and haloperidol were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). Dopamine hydrochloride and bromocriptine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). 7-Hydroxy PIPAT, ABT724, TCB2, BW723C86, Ro60–0175, WAY181187, 2-PEA, NGB2904, sonepiprazole, MDL11939, SB204741, SB399885, trans-triprolidine, amthamine, and tiotidine were from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, England, UK). SB242084 was obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (Ontario, Canada). All other chemicals used were of the highest purity available.
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4

Fluorescence Imaging of Cell Signaling

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CGS12066B, BW723C86, RS127445, and SB216649 were from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK); 5-HT, histamine, ATP, SFLLRN, U73122, U73343, and dantrolene were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); CalciumGreen/AM was from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The stock solutions of CGS12066B, BW723C86, RS127445, SB216649, dantrolene, U73122, and U73343 were prepared in Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Before being added to the cells, they were dissolved to the required concentrations in a physiological salt solution (PSS). DMSO at appropriate concentrations was used as a vehicle control. PSS was added as a vehicle control for 5-HT, ATP, histamine, and SFLLRN.
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5

Measuring Colonic Muscle Contractions

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Colonic muscle contractions were measured as previously described.10 (link) On-going tension was recorded with Acqknowledge 3.2.6 (Biopac Systems). 0.05 μM of HTR2B agonist (BW723C86, Tocris) and 0.05 μM HTR2B antagonist (LY 266097, Tocris) were used for drug treatments. Each drug was dissolved in Krebs buffer and continuously perfused into colonic tissue using a peristaltic pump (model MINIPULS 3; GILSON Inc). Acqknowledge software was used for the frequency and amplitude measurements of the colonic motor complex (CMC) for a 30-minute period and the percent propagation was measured as [(the frequency of distal colon CMC for 30 minutes/the frequency of proximal colon CMC for 30 minutes) X 100].
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6

Serotonin and Bradykinin Signaling Study

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The reagents used were as follows: BW723C86 and CGS12066B from Tocris; DCFH-DA and CalciumGreen/AM from Molecular Probes; serotonin, bradykinin, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, VAS2870, Na3VO4, and BVT948 from Sigma-Aldrich.
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7

Screening Compounds for Neurotransmitter Receptor Interactions

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All other screening compounds, except m-CPP (Sigma-Aldrich) were from Tocris Bioscience: Sumanirole (D2 agonist), Spiperone (5-HT2A serotonin and selective D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist), Lisuride (D2∼4 agonist), Pramipexole (D2∼4 agonist), BW723C86 (5-HT2B receptor agonist), m-CPP (Pan-serotonin agonist), Dihydrexidine (full agonist at the dopamine D1 and D5 receptors), Cabergoline (D2∼4 agonist, possible prolactin inhibitor), DL-TBOA (EAAT blocker)
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8

Cultured Aortic SMCs Drug Treatments

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Rat or mouse aortic SMCs were isolated and grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. SMCs were starved with serum‐free DMEM for 24 hours before drug treatments. BW723C86, LY272015, SP600125, SB202190, PD98059, LY294002, and U73122 were from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). 5‐HT, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB), 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), and Pluronic F‐127 powder were from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Rapamycin was from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA). Antibodies against mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated mTOR (Ser2448), p70S6 kinase, phosphorylated p70S6 kinase (Ser389), α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and SM22α were from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibody against 5‐HT2BR was from BD Bioscience Pharmingen (San Diego, CA). Antibodies against 5‐HT receptor 2A (5‐HT2AR) and vimentin were from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Antibodies against BrdU and CD31 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). Antibody against Mac‐2 was from Celdarlane (Burlington, ON, Canada).
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9

Pharmacological Evaluation of Neurotransmitters

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Ketanserin, anpirtoline, and BW723C86 were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK). All other chemicals, including ketamine racemate, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The ketamine, NE, 5-HT, and acetylcholine were prepared as stock solutions in distilled water. The drugs were diluted in the bathing solution on the day of the experiment.
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