S 3100

The phase transition of ZnS:Ag,Co particles was analyzed by XRD (D/MAX-2500-PC, Rigaku Co., Akishima, Japan) with Cu-Kα radiation. The morphology and the composition of ZnS:Ag,Co particles were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) (JSM-7800F, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Japan) and HRTEM equipped with EELS (JEM-2200FS, JEOL Co., Akishima, Japan). The binding energy spectrum was investigated using XPS (ESCALAB 250, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA). The absorbance spectrum of HA-RB conjugates was measured by UV/vis spectrophotometry (S-3100, Scinco Co., Seoul, Korea).

The MPPa concentration was determined using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (S-3100, Scinco, Seoul, Korea) at ambient temperature^{31 (link),32 (link)}. To determine the maximum absorption wavelength of MPPa, the absorption spectrum was measured in the wavelength range 300–800 nm. The solvent that demonstrated the best characteristics for this method was MeOH. A standard stock solution was prepared by dissolving 2 mg of an accurate amount of MPPa in 20 mL of MeOH.
The standard stock solution was diluted with MeOH to obtain final concentrations of 1–20 ppm, and five-point linearity was determined. Standard solutions of different concentrations were prepared. Calibration curves and concentration versus absorbance units were constructed for each drug.
The precision of the test method was determined by performing an assay with six replicates of samples at test concentrations, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the assay results was calculated.
To study the accuracy of the method, recovery studies were performed by adding a known quantity of the standard to the pre-analyzed sample. The recovery was performed at 0%, 25%, and 100% levels, and the contents were measured from the respective UV–Vis absorption spectra.

The MD/PAA hydrogels were dried at room temperature. Each dried sample was immersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated in a water bath (BS-21, JEIO TECH, Daejeon, Korea) at 37 °C for 120 min, with gentle shaking at 50 rpm. The samples were acquired at pre-determined time intervals (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 120 min), and the released MD was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (S-3100, Scinco, Seoul, Korea). The absorbance was recorded at 319 nm.

The analysis of P18 was used by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (S-3100; Scinco, Seoul, Korea) at ambient temperature. The wavelength of P18 was determined in the range of 300–800 nm. A standard stock solution and each sample were dissolved in MeOH at the concentration of 2 mg of P18 in 20 mL.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Japan), X-ray diffractometry (XRD, AERIS, Malvern, UK), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Varian 660-IR, VARIAN, USA) were used to characterize the morphology, crystalline properties, and chemical functional groups of the delaminated MXenes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Scientific K-Alpha⁺, Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA) was used to perform chemical analyses of products obtained after each reaction step to evidence the success of surface modification. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan) was used to characterize the morphology of the PE-grafted MXenes. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and phase analysis light scattering (PALS) were performed to measure the hydrodynamic diameter (d_H) and zeta potential of the particles, respectively, using a Zetasizer ZS90 (Malvern, UK). GPC (EcoSEC HLC-8320, Tosoh, Japan) was performed to characterize the M_w of the synthesized PEs. TGA (SDTA851, Mettler Toledo, USA) was used to estimate the amounts of grafted PEs. UV-vis spectroscopy (S-3100, SCINCO, Korea) was used to characterize the particle and dye concentration.