Cells were first divided into four groups: control group, crocin group, I/R group, and I/R + crocin group. To mimic I/R injury, the culture medium of NMCMs was exchanged to DMEM without glucose and incubated at a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 , 1% O 2 , and 94% N 2 for 2 h to induce hypoxia. Then, the culture medium was changed to normoxic DMEM medium with 10% FBS and incubated in 95% room air, 5% CO 2 for 4 h. In the control and crocin group, cells were grown in normoxic DMEM medium with 10% FBS for each condition and in the crocin group, 10 μM crocin (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo) was added to the medium. In the I/R + crocin group, cells were cultured with 10 μM crocin for 24 h before hypoxia treatment. In addition, 150 nM thapsigargin (TG, Sigma), specific ER stress inducer, or 40 mM Sirt1 blocker nicotinamide (Sigma) was used to treat NMCMs at the time of crocin treatment for 24 h before hypoxia exposure to further study the mechanism of crocin in I/R-injured cardiomyocytes.
Crocin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy
Crocin is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a high-precision device used for the detection and quantification of various chemical and biological substances. The core function of Crocin is to provide accurate and reliable measurements through advanced spectroscopic analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
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62 protocols using crocin
1
Crocin Attenuates Cardiomyocyte I/R Injury
2
Crocin Attenuates CCl4-Induced Liver Injury
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Fifty male Wistar rats obtained from the experimental animal unit were randomly divided into five groups: Control group (1 ml/kg/day physiological saline solution; n = 10), Corn oil group (1 ml/kg/day corn oil; n = 10), Crocin group (100 mg/kg/day Crocin (Sigma Aldrich Co., USA, CAS Number; 42553-65-1); n = 10), CCl 4 group (1:1 carbon tetrachloride (Sigma Aldrich Co., USA) was dissolved in corn oil and a 0.5 ml/kg dose was applied every other day; n = 10), CCl 4 +Crocin group (100 mg/kg/day Crocin and 1:1 carbon tetrachloride were dissolved in corn oil and 0.5 ml/kg dose was applied every other day; n = 10).
All chemical applications were repeated regularly for 15 days at the same time every day orally (via gavage).
All chemical applications were repeated regularly for 15 days at the same time every day orally (via gavage).
3
Crocin Protects Against Ischemia-Reperfusion
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4
Doxorubicin and Crocin Treatment in Rats
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Rats in the doxorubicin and crocin/doxorubicin groups received intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (3.5 mg/kg, doxorubicin-HCl, Pfizer, Egypt) twice weekly for 3 weeks [24 (link)]. Rats in the crocin control and crocin/doxorubicin groups received intraperitoneal injections of crocin (100 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich, Catalog #17304) daily [19 (link)] for 3 weeks.
5
Crocin Attenuates CCl4-Induced Liver Injury
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Fifty male Wistar rats, obtained from the experimental animal unit were randomly divided into five groups of 10 animals each. These groups were;
1st group (Control group); 1 ml/kg/day physiological saline solution was administered.
2nd group (Corn oil group); 1 ml/kg/day corn oil was administered.
3rd group (crocin group); 100 mg/kg/day crocin was administered (Sigma-17304).
4th group (CCl4 group): 1: 1 carbon tetrachloride was dissolved in corn oil and applied 0.5 ml/kg every other day.
5th group (CCl4+crocin group): 100 mg/kg/day crocin and 1:1 carbon tetrachloride was dissolved in corn oil and applied 0.5 ml/kg every other day.
6
Crocin Protects Podocytes from Diabetic Injury
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To mimic in vivo diabetic conditions, differentiated podocytes were seeded in type 1 collagen-coated plates and cultured in medium supplemented with either 15 or 25 mM D-glucose (Sigma) for 7 days. Cells cultured in a normal glucose concentration (5 mM D-glucose) served as the control. For certain groups, podocytes were pretreated with 0.1, 0.5, or 1 μM of crocin (Sigma) for 24 h prior to exposure to high glucose. Some subsamples within the crocin-treated groups were pretreated with NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 10 μM; Sigma) for 2 h prior to incubation with crocin (0.1, 0.5, or 1 μM) for 24 h, followed by incubation with D-glucose (15 or 25 mM).
7
Anti-inflammatory Agents Screening Protocol
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Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), antibiotic solution and other chemicals were purchased from Hi-media Limited (Mumbai, India). silica gel (# 100-200 and # 230-400) from Loba Chemie (Mumbai, India), Diaion HP-20® resin from Supelco analytical (USA), Sephadex LH-20 from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech and GE Healthcare (USA), Polyamide 6 and RP18 column from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for column chromatography. Mouse and rat TNF-α and IL-1ß ELISA kits were obtained from Krishgen Biosystems (Mumbai, India). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254 thickness 0.2 mm and solvents (laboratory grade) were received from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dexamethasone, Lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli 026:B6) (LPS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), curcumin, L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), modified Griess reagent, L-mimosine, jasmonic acid and crocin were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). For in vivo study, L-mimosine, jasmonic acid and crocin were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and crocetin was prepared by ester hydrolysis of crocin.
8
Crocin Effects on Sleep Deprivation in Rats
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Healthy male Wistar rats (60 days old) were purchased from the laboratory animal facility in Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. The rats were housed in a temperature-controlled room (22±2°C) with a 12 h light/dark cycle and had free access to standard laboratory animal diet (Behparvar, Iran) and tap water.
Experimental design and sleep deprivation
The animals were divided randomly into five equal groups (n=7) as follows:
Experimental design and sleep deprivation
The animals were divided randomly into five equal groups (n=7) as follows:
Control (CON): Intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) inrjection of saline without Sleep Deprivation (SD).
Model (MOD): ICV injection of saline after SD.
Morphine (MOR): ICV injection of morphine (40 μg/rat) after SD.
crocin 10 μg/rat (Cr10): ICV injection of crocin (Sigma, USA) (dissolved in saline) at a dose of 10 μg/rat after SD.
crocin 40 μg/rat (Cr40): ICV injection of crocin (dissolved in saline) at a dose of 40 μg/rat after SD.
9
Crocin Dosage Effects on Stressed Rats
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Depending on their experimental group, the stressed rats received intraperitoneal (i.p) injections of saline-dissolved 30 or 60 mg/kg of crocin (Sigma-Aldrich Co. USA) for 21 days.
10
Crocin Supplementation in Stressed Rats
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