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Poloxamer 407 p407

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan

Poloxamer 407 (P407) is a non-ionic triblock copolymer consisting of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (PPO) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (PEO). It is a widely used pharmaceutical excipient that can function as a surfactant, emulsifier, and solubilizer.

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19 protocols using poloxamer 407 p407

1

Preparation of Polymer-Based Oral Formulation

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Methocel™ F4M premium Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Methocel, viscosity of 2663–4970 cps for 2% solution at 20 °C, 27–30% methoxyl and 4–7.5% hydroxypropyl substitution) was kindly donated by the Dow-Colorcon Company in the U.K. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, Mn ∼ 86,000, viscosity of 4000 cps for 2% solution at 20 °C, 29% methoxyl and 7% hydroxypropyl substitution), poloxamer 407 (P407) and chlorhexidine diacetate salt hydrate (CHD) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich in the UK and Magnesium stearate from Alfa Aesar, also in the UK.
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2

Poloxamer 407-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia in Mice

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Poloxamer 407 (P-407) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); 10% (w/v) P-407 solution was prepared using saline. Eight-week-old male WT and Klf10 KO mice were fed either a CD or HSD for 1-week. Then, mice were fasted for 5 h and intraperitoneally injected with P-407 (1 g/kg). Blood was collected from the tail vein before injection (0 h) and at 1 h after injection. Plasma was separated, and TG was determined.
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3

Bioadhesive Polymer-Based Mucoadhesive Formulations

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Carbopol 971P® (C971P), Carbopol 974P® (C974P), and Noveon® Polycarbophil (PCB) were kindly donated by Lubrizol (Sao Paulo, Brazil). Triethanolamine, poloxamer 407 (P407), and mucin from porcine stomach (type II) were received from Sigma-Aldrich (Sao Paulo, Brazil). Porcine oral mucosa was sourced from a local slaughterhouse (Maringa, Brazil) and kept frozen at −20 °C. All reagents were used without further purification.
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4

Gemcitabine Formulations: Synthesis and Characterization

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All chemicals and solvents were used as purchased without any purification and were of analytical grade. Common chemicals used for synthesis were as follows: gemcitabine (Selleckchem, Houston, TX, United States), monoolein (Sigma Aldrich, United States), and poloxamer 407 (P407) (Sigma Aldrich, United States). Commonly used solvents included the following: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Waltham, MA, United States), dimethylformamide (DMF) (Carlo Ebra RS), and ethanol 95% (SYSTERM).
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5

Gliclazide Formulation Development and Characterization

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Gliclazide was granted from Rameda®, Cairo, Egypt. Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) was obtained from BDH, Poole, England. Glyceryl monooleate (GMO) was generously provided by Gattefosse, France. Poloxamer 407 (P407) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate (pharmaceutical grade), sodium hydroxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, methanol, phosphoric acid, and hydrochloric acid (analytical grade) were purchased from El Nasr Chemical Company, Cairo, Egypt.
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6

Thymol-Polymer Formulation Development

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Thymol (Alfa Aesar, Heysham, UK), Poloxamer 407 (P407) (Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) and MethocelTM F4M (HPMC, which was a kind gift from Colorcon, Dartford, UK). Thymol was serially diluted from 250 to 1.95 mg/L and Thymol-HPMC and Thymol-P407 were co-dissolved individually with Thymol at a ratio of 5:1.
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7

Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel Synthesis

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Poloxamer 407 (P407), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA, Mn = 700 g mol−1), 3-sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt (SPAK), and [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (AETA, 80% solution in H2O) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The radical photoinitiator 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one (Irgacure 2959) was a kind gift from Bodo Möller Chemie GmbH (Offenbach am Main, Germany). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Water was withdrawn from a Barnstead GenPure xCAD water purification system (Thermo Scientific, Schwerte, Germany).
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8

Chylomicron Secretion Rate Measurement

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Chylomicron secretion rate using [9, 10-3H(N)]triolein (Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA) and [14C]cholesterol (ARC Inc., St. Louis, MO) was assessed as previously described [8 (link)] with minor modifications. Briefly, mice fed HF/HCD for 12 weeks were fasted for 4 h starting at 6 a.m. Thereafter, they were intraperitoneally injected with Poloxamer-407 (P-407; 1 g/kg body weight, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in PBS and gavaged with 200 µl corn oil containing 1 µCi [3H]triolein, 0.5 µCi [-14C]cholesterol, and 200 µg cholesterol. Prior to P-407 injection and post 1, 2, 3, and 4 h corn oil gavage, blood samples were collected and radioactivity was measured in the plasma. Four hours post gavage, mice were anaesthetized and lymph was surgically removed as described [18 (link)] with modifications. Briefly, anaesthetized mice were aseptically prepared for surgery and the abdomen was opened through a left subcoastal incision. A self-retaining retractor was placed to cranially mobilize spleen, liver, and stomach to expose the cisterna chyli and the thoracic duct-containing postprandial milky lymph. Under a dissecting microscope, lymph was carefully collected using glass microcapillary tubes. Radioactivity in a pool of 100 µl lymph was measured by liquid scintillation counting.
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9

Poloxamer 407 Pharmacokinetics in Rats

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During the 18th postoperative week, rats were fasted for 24 h, baseline blood samples were collected, and then rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 1 g/kg poloxamer 407 (P-407; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). Blood was sampled again at 2, 4, and 6 h after injection.
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10

Chondrocyte Cell Culture Protocol

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Phospholipon 90G® (PL-90G) was kindly provided by Natterman Phospholipid GMBH (Köln, Germany), and contained 93 ± 3% phosphatidylcholine. Absolute ethanol (Ph. Eur. analysis reagent) and poloxamer 407 (P407) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). T/C-28a2 and C-28/I2 cells, immortalized chondrocyte cell lines, were obtained from the Research Foundation for the care of cancer “Tommaso Campanella” University Campus of Germaneto–Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy. Dulbecco-modified Eagle medium (D-MEM) culture, fetal bovine serum, penicillin (100 UI/mL)–streptomycin (100 μg/mL) solution (1% v/v), and Trypsin/EDTA (1×) solution were obtained from GIBCO (Invitrogen Corporation, Giuliano Milanese, Milan, Italy). 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye test (TLC purity ≥ 97.5%), phosphate buffer (PBS) solution, and sodium dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
[3H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether ([3H]CHE, 40 Ci/mmoL) was obtained from Perkin Elmer-Italia (Monza, Italy). Double distilled pyrogen-free water was used throughout the experimental investigations. All other materials and solvents used in this study are of analytical grade (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy).
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