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3 protocols using bradykinin

1

Cytokine and Inflammation Biomarkers Assessment

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BALF were collected from euthanized mice by intratracheal injection and aspiration of 1 ml PBS. Cytokines levels in tissue culture conditioned supernatants, BALF, or sera were measured by ELISA using the following kits: mIL-1β , mIL-6, mTNFα, mMCP (eBioscience), mIL-18 (MBL Nagoya, Japan), mCRP (Abcam), Bradykinin (Enzo), IgM (Southern Biotech). Collagen in BALF was measured using the hydroxyproline assay kit (Condrex Inc). Myeloperoxidase or elastase activity were measured in lung homogenates using the MPO fluorometric detection kit (Enzo) or as previously described [58] (link). In Figure 3B, MPO was measured in the BALF by ELISA (Hycult Biotech).
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2

Wound Healing Assay with Cytoskeleton Modulators

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Drugs were added 1 h before wounding the monolayer except for the drugs that destabilize the cytoskeleton, which were added 1 h after wounding to allow protrusion formation and initiation of cell migration. Blebbistatin was used at 2 µM, latrunculin A at 20 µM, nocodazole at 10 µM, ML141 (Cdc42 inhibitor) at 10 µM, NSC23766 (Rac1 inhibitor) at 50 µM, wiskostatin (N-WASp inhibitor) at 2 µM, and PKCζ pseudosubstrate at 10 µM. Bradykinin was added 9 h after wounding and 1 h before FRAP experiments at a final concentration of 10 µM. nocodazole, latrunculin A, and ML141 were purchased from EMD Millipore, Blebbistatin from Sigma-Aldrich, NSC23766 from Tocris Bioscience, and wiskostatin, PKCζ pseudosubstrate, and Bradykinin were from Enzo Life Sciences.
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3

Inflammatory Mediators in Brain and Plasma

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ELISA was used to determine level of C3a (Molecular Innovations) and bradykinin (ENZO) in plasma and brain homogenate (lower limits of detection are 0.1 ng/ml and 24.8 pg/ml, respectively). The samples were normalized to 100% from CTRL-ASO to pool results from three different tests. For detection of pro-inflammatory cytokines from the brain we used (R&D) Mouse DuoSet ELISA kits for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (lower limits of detection are 15.6 pg/mL for IL-1β and IL-6 and 31.3 pg/mL for TNF-α). Plasma from LPS-injected mice was used as a positive control in these ELISA’s as previously demonstrated (Qadri et al., 2016 (link); Rothschild & Gascon, 1966 (link); Wu et al., 2016 (link)).
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