Neopterin was measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (BRAHMS GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany) with an upper normal reference value of ≤ 5.8 nmol/L in CSF64 (link) . CSF neurofilament light protein (NfL) concentration was measured by means of a sensitive ELISA assay (NF-light ELISA kit; UmanDiagnostics AB, Umeå, Sweden) as previously described65 (link),66 (link). Upper reference values are age dependent67 (link). Seven additional soluble inflammatory biomarkers were tested at Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco (formerly Blood Systems Research Institute) both in plasma and CSF, including TNFα, MMP9, CXCL10 (IP-10), sCD14, sCD163, CCL2 (MCP-1), and IL6. Five different assays were used: MILLIPLEX MAP (MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA) Human High Sensitivity T Cell Panel (TNFα and IL6), MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel (IP-10 and MCP-1), MILLIPLEX MAP Human MMP Magnetic Bead Panel 2 (MMP9), sCD163 and sCD14 R&D Human Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis MN). Data were collected by Luminex 200, analyzed by Bioplex 6.1 and compiled using Bioplex DataPro (Bio-Rad, Hercules CA).
Kincer L.P., Joseph S.B., Gilleece M.M., Hauser B.M., Sizemore S., Zhou S., Di Germanio C., Zetterberg H., Fuchs D., Deeks S.G., Spudich S., Gisslen M., Price R.W, & Swanstrom R. (2023). Rebound HIV-1 in cerebrospinal fluid after antiviral therapy interruption is mainly clonally amplified R5 T cell-tropic virus. Nature microbiology, 8(2), 260-271.
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