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70 protocols using sigmastat version 3

1

Comparing Trauma Assessment Tools

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Data is given in mean values (arithmetic mean) and standard deviations. For the comparison of the time needed for the analysis using the TV compared to the time needed using the secondary conventional CT console, the paired t-test was performed using the software Sigma Stat Version 3.5 (Systat Software, Inc., San Jose, California, USA).
For statistical analysis the time results of both reading options were compared. The interrater reliability as well as the positive and negative predictive value in accordance with sensitivity and specificity were calculated using the Krippendorf’s alpha for interval data test with a level of significance of α > 0.8. To assess the interrater reliability between the trauma surgery fellow and the radiology fellow, the differences between the calculated ISS scores of the gold standard and the calculated ISS scores determined by both readers on both modalities (i.e. TV and secondary CT console) were compared.
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2

Testis Reproductive Cycle Dynamics

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Gene expression levels in the testis during a complete reproductive cycle and receptor transactivation data are represented as the meanGS.E.M. All statistical analyses were carried out using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey test. Before the analysis, values were log-transformed to meet normality and homoscedasticity requirements. Different letters in the figures represent significant differences between gonadal stages or the activation of Kiss receptors by the ligands. All analyses were conducted using SigmaStat version 3.5 (SYSTAT Software, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA). Differences were considered to be significant when P!0.05.
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3

Evaluating Photoreceptor Function

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Data are described with mean and standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was performed on SigmaStat Version 3.5 (Systat Software Inc). Before each test, normality of the data distribution and equality of variances were tested. Differences between the 30% of PPO values and the 80% of PPO values from the CLET were tested with a paired t-test or a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results were considered as significant for a p-value < 0.05.
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4

Survival Analysis and Statistical Comparison

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All statistical analyses were performed using SigmaStat version 3.5 (Systat-Software, Erkrath, Germany). Graphs were generated using Sigma Plot version 12.5 (Systat-Software). Data were expressed as mean ± SD. A log-rank test was performed to compare the survival curves. Differences between groups were evaluated for significance using a one-way analysis of variance combined with Bonferroni post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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5

Quantifying Cellular Proliferation Dynamics

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Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean of the three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by using one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons with the control. Statistical analysis was conducted using SigmaStat version 3.5 (Systat Software, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference between values.
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6

Intra-observer Variability in Imaging

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Continuous data are expressed as means Ϯ SD and categorical data as frequencies. All FS values are represented as decimals (e.g., 10% FS is presented as 0.10) while any relative change in any parameter is represented as a percentage. As a result of failed homoscedasticity testing (increasing error with an increase in the continuous factor value, e.g., LV mass), IOV for each parameter before and after the intervention was calculated as the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), i.e., the mean of absolute deviations from the factor each expressed as a percentage of the factor [e.g., MAPE ϭ x |(expert LV mass -participant LV mass)/expert LV mass| ϫ 100]. Pre-and postintervention IOVs were compared as MAPE Ϯ SD preintervention/MAPE Ϯ SD postintervention. Fisher's exact test was used to determine differences in variability range rates before and after the intervention. All statistical analyzes were performed using Sigmastat version 3.5 (Systat Software, San Jose, CA).
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7

Molecular Profiling of Cellular Markers

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Changes of hTERT, VEGF-A, PTEN, NF-κβ, and p21 mRNA expression levels were compared through Relative Expression Software Tool (REST) 2009 version 2.0.13 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). [ 26 ] Other parameters were compared using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc tests using SigmaStat version 3.5 software (Systat Software, Inc, Point Richmond, CA, USA). Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation from a representative experiment, and P values lower than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
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8

Statistical Analysis of Neurobehavioral Data

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Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism software for statistical analysis. Statistical differences among more than two groups were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test or Holm–Sidak or Dunnett's post hoc analysis. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Long-term neurobehavioral data were analyzed using Sigma Plot 10.0 and Sigma Stat version 3.5 (Systat Software) using one-way ANOVA. Data is presented as mean±s.d. P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Sample sizes were determined using previous publications from our lab as well as a formal sample size calculation. All sample sizes were calculated assuming a type I error (false positive) rate=0.05 and power of 0.8. Based on previous studies, expected mean values and variation within groups, as well as the expected change in the means (change of 20–50% for western blotting and 30% for long-term neurobehavioral analysis), we concluded that a sample size of 4–6 pups/group for molecular techniques (i.e. western blotting) and 7–9 pups/group for behavior studies were needed. Please refer to Tables S1–S10 for detailed statistical analysis.
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9

Repeated Measures Analysis of Experimental Data

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For each assessment, only complete data were analyzed statistically. Data are described in Tables 234567with mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed on SigmaStat Version 3.5 (Systat Software Inc). Before each test, normality of the data distribution and equality of variances were tested.
The changes across t0, t9 and t15 were analyzed with a one way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). If normality distribution failed, a Friedman test a.k.a. one way repeated measures ANOVA on ranks was launched. If a significant difference was observed with ANOVAs, post-hoc tests were performed (Bonferroni t-test for parametric tests or Tukey test for non-parametric tests). Results were considered as significant for a p-value < 0.05.
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10

Statistical Analysis for Scientific Research

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Statistical analysis was performed using the Sigma Plot 10.0 and Sigma Stat version 3.5 (Systat Software, San Jose, CA, USA). Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons followed by Tukey or Student-Newman-Kuels post hoc tests. P values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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