Escalab xi x ray photoelectron spectroscopy xps

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the synthesized Y-CDs, O-CDs, and R-CDs were obtained using an F97Pro fluorescent spectrophotometer (Shanghai Lengguang Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). A NEXUS 670 Fourier was used to measure the elemental composition, and the molecular structure of Y-CDs, O-CDs, and R-CDs was examined using transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Columbia, MD, USA), and an EscaLab Xi+ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Columbia, MD, USA). The morphology and size of the prepared Y-CDs, O-CDs, and R-CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEI Tecnai G2 F30, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Columbia, MD, USA) with a 200 kV accelerating voltage and dynamic light scattering (BI-200SM, Brookhaven, Bruker Corporation, Karlsruhe, Germany). The MTT test was performed on an RT-6100 enzyme-mark analyzer (Rayto, Shenzhen, China) to assess the biological risk of the obtained CDs.

The ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of R-CDs were measured by an UV2800S UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shanghai Hengping Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) and an F97Pro fluorescent spectrophotometer (Shanghai Lengguang Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), respectively. The size distribution and morphology of the prepared R-CDs were characterized by a Tecnai G2 F30 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a 200 kV accelerating voltage (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) and a BI-200SM dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size analyzer (Brookhaven, NY, USA). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectrum of R-CDs was recorded using a D8-ADVANCE diffractometer (Bruker, Saarbrucken, Germany). The molecular structure of R-CDs was characterized by a NEXUS 670 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet, WI, USA) and an EscaLab Xi+ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). The MTT test was performed on an RT-6100 enzyme-mark analyzer (Shenzhen, China). The fluorescent imaging photographs of the cells were taken using Axioscope A 1 POL fluorescence microscope (ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany).

The electronic spectra of gold nanoparticles were recorded by a T6 UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Purkinje General, Beijing, China). The corresponding color of the solution was recorded by a digital camera. The morphology and size of aunps were recorded by a Philips TEC-NAI G2 F20 transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) operating at 200 kv and dynamic laser scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer Nano-ZS90 (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) at 25 ^°C. The element composition analysis was monitored by ESCALAB Xi⁺ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Scientific, USA).