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β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2 phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate nadph

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β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH) is a coenzyme used in various biochemical reactions. It serves as a reducing agent in metabolic processes, particularly in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis and in the pentose phosphate pathway.

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Lab products found in correlation

5 5 dithiobis 2 nitrobenzoic acid dtnb, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sulfosalicylic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Triton x, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Glutathione reductase, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Glutathione (gsh), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Buthionine sulfoximine bso, by Merck Group (1 mentions) L glutathione reduced, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tetrabutylammonium sulfite, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 2 propanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Pcb 117, by AccuStandard (1 mentions) Pcb 204, by AccuStandard (1 mentions) N acetyl cysteine (nac), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Pesticide grade n hexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) L glutathione, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Naphthazarin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Avantor (1 mentions) Oxidized glutathione gssg, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid edta, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Potassium phosphate buffer, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

9 protocols using β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2 phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate nadph

1

Quantitative Glutathione Assay

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Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), L-glutathione reduced, Glutathione reductase, 5-5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), Triton-X and sulfosalicylic acid were from Sigma Aldrich.
Mazzari A.L., Lacerda M.G., Milton F.A., Mulin Montechiari Machado J.A., Sinoti S.B., Toullec A.S., Rodrigues P.M., Neves F.D., Simeoni L.A., Silveira D, & Prieto J.M. (2022). In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 826395.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Halogenated Biphenyl Metabolites

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PCB 136, 2,2′,3,3′,6,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl-4-ol (4-136), 2,2′,3,3′,6,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl-5-ol (5-136), 4,5-dimethoxy-2,2′,3,3′,6,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl (methylated derivative of 2,2′,3,3′,6,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl-4,5-diol; 4,5-136) and 2,2′,3′,4,6,6′-hexachloro-3-methoxybiphenyl (methylated derivative of 2,2′,3′,4,6,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl-3-ol; 3-150) were synthesized as described previously (Waller et al. 1999 (link)). The chemical structures and the abbreviations of the HO-PCB metabolites are shown in Figure 1A. Surrogate recovery standards (2,3,4′,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB 117; 2′,3,3′,4,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl-4-ol, 4-159) and internal standard (2,2′,3,4,4′,5,6,6′-octachlorobiphenyl, PCB 204) were purchased from Accustandard (New Haven, CT). NAC and tetrabutylammonium sulfite were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). L-Glutathione and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pesticide grade n-hexane, 2-propanol and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA).
Wu X, & Lehmler H.J. (2015). EFFECTS OF THIOL ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE ATROPSELECTIVE OXIDATION OF 2,2′,3,3′,6,6′-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (PCB 136) BY RAT LIVER MICROSOMES. Environmental science and pollution research international, 23(3), 2081-2088.
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3

PEX Metabolism Kinetics Assay

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PEX, (5-[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]pyridin-2-amine),
was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Ketoconazole (KCZ),
NH2OMe hydrochloride, GSH, formic acid, and β-nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt
hydrate (NADPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
HLM (catalog #: H2630; Lot #: 1910096), MLM (catalog #: M5000; Lot
#: 2210070), recombinant human P450s (EasyCYP Bactosomes), and PHH
were obtained from XenoTech (Kansas City, KS). All solvents for liquid
chromatography and mass spectrometry were of LC–MS grade (Thermo
Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA).
Qin X., Wang Y., MacKenzie K.R., Hakenjos J.M., Chen S., Khalil S.M., Jung S.Y., Young D.W., Guo L, & Li F. (2023). Identifying the Reactive Metabolites of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Pexidartinib In Vitro Using LC–MS-Based Metabolomic Approaches. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 36(8), 1427-1438.
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4

Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase Assay

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Thioredoxin glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.B1) from S. mansoni (SmTGR) was produced at the laboratory of Dr. Wesley Van Voorhis (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA) by methods described previously [8 (link)]. Naphthazarin, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2’-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was the product of AMRESCO (Solon, OH, USA). ThioGlo® 1 Fluorescent Thiol Reagent was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Li T., Ziniel P.D., He P.Q., Kommer V.P., Crowther G.J., He M., Liu Q., Van Voorhis W.C., Williams D.L, & Wang M.W. (2015). High-throughput screening against thioredoxin glutathione reductase identifies novel inhibitors with potential therapeutic value for schistosomiasis. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 4, 40.
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5

Pharmacokinetic Study of Drugs Using Rat Liver S9 Fraction

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ACS/HPLC reagent-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and water were procured from Honeywell (Morristown, NJ, USA). HPLC-grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and formic acid (FA) were procured from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and Dae-Jung Chemicals and Metals Co., Ltd. (Siheung, Republic of Korea). Buspirone (BUS), dextromethorphan (DEX), diclofenac (DIC), and alpelisib (IS) were procured from MedKoo Bioscience, Inc. (Morrisville, NC, USA). Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), and potassium phosphate buffer were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sprague Dawley (SD) rat liver S9 fraction was procured from Sekisui Xenotech (Kansas City, KS, USA). SD rats (Male; nine-week-old; weighing range: 250–270 g) were supplied by Koatech Co. (Pyeongtaek, Republic of Korea). The SD rats were used for pharmacokinetic studies after an acclimation period of 7 days. Feeding, excluding water, was restricted for 12 h before starting the pharmacokinetics study. All animal studies were conducted with approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Pusan National University (approval number: PNU-2023-3245).
Keem M.J., Seo S.W., Kim T., Jo B.G., Kim S.N., Yoon I.S, & Yang M.H. (2023). A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three Compounds Isolated from Wikstroemia ganpi: Assessment of the Effects on Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients, 15(18), 4061.
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6

Glutathione Redox Assay Protocol

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Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), L-glutathione reduced, glutathione reductase, 5-5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), Triton-X and sulfosalicylic acid were from Sigma Aldrich.
Mazzari A.L., Milton F., Frangos S., Carvalho A.C., Silveira D., de Assis Rocha Neves F, & Prieto J.M. (2016). In vitro Effects of Four Native Brazilian Medicinal Plants in CYP3A4 mRNA Gene Expression, Glutathione Levels, and P-Glycoprotein Activity. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 265.
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7

Kinase Activity Assay Protocol

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Myelin basic protein from bovine, DL-isocitric acid trisodium salt hydrate, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrate (NADP+), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), α-ketoglutaric acid sodium salt, diaphorase from Clostridium kluyveri, resazurin sodium salt, and ATP disodium salt hydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ketoglutaric acid sodium salt, α-[1-14C], 50μCi (1.85MBq) and glucose, D-[U-14C]- were from PerkinElmer. Glutamine L-[5-14C] and isocitric acid[3H(G)] were from ARC. Inhibitors including dovitinib (TKI-258, CHIR-258), imatinib, AG-490, quizartinib, PP2, erlotinib, ruxolitinib, dasatinib and AG-120 were purchased from Selleckchem. Recombinant proteins including FLT3, SRC, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, EGFR, MET, KIT, JAK2, FGFR3 and ABL1 were purchased from Thermo Fisher.
Chen D., Xia S., Wang M., Lin R., Li Y., Mao H., Aguiar M., Famulare C.A., Shih A.H., Brennan C.W., Gao X., Pan Y., Liu S., Fan J., Jin L., Song L., Zhou A., Mukherjee J., Pieper R.O., Mishra A., Peng J., Arellano M., Blum W.G., Lonial S., Boggon T.J., Levine R.L, & Chen J. (2019). Mutant and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 share enhancing mechanisms involving distinct tyrosine kinase cascades in cancer. Cancer discovery, 9(6), 756-777.
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Metabolites

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LC-MS grade acetonitrile (ACN), formic acid (FA) and HPLC grade water were purchased from Thermo fisher scientific (NJ, USA). Fluorinert (FC-43) was purchased from Synquest Laboratories (Alachua, FL). Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6), Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH) were purchased from Millipore-Sigma (St Louis, MO). All of the aforementioned chemicals were the highest purity commercially available. Stocks of 20 mg/ml pooled rat, human and mouse liver microsomes were purchased from BioreclamationIVT (Baltimore, MD). AM9338, M1a (hydroxy-metabolite of AM9338), and M1b (isomer of M1a) were synthesize at the Center for Drug Discovery (Northeastern University, Boston, MA).
Honrao C., Ma X., Kulkarni S., Joshi V., Malamas M., Zvonok A., Wood J., Kautz R.A., Strand D., Guo J.J, & Makriyannis A. (2020). Metabolic Profiling of a CB2 Agonist, AM9338, Using LC-MS and Microcoil-NMR: Identification of a Novel Dihydroxy Adamantyl Metabolite. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 575691.
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9

Sodium Fluoroacetate Toxicity Assay

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Sodium fluoroacetate (CAT# N-13216–250MG) was purchased from Chem Service Inc. (West Chester, PA, USA) and dissolved in sterile water for injection (CAT# A1287301) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Formalin (CAT# 5705), hematoxylin (CAT# 72404), and eosin (CAT# 7111) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. 5% 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) (CAT# S7422), glutathione (CAT# CS0260), 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) (CAT# D8130), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (CAT# D2650), glutathione reductase (CAT# G3664), glutathione assay buffer (CAT# CS02060), and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2’-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH) (CAT# NADPH-RO) were obtained from MilliporeSigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
McCranor B.J., Young T.D., Tressler J., Jennings L., Irwin J., Alli N.A., Abilez M.K., Stone S., Racine M., Devorak J.L., Sciuto A.M, & Wong B. (2019). The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Sodium Fluoroacetate (1080) in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Cogent biology, 5(1), 1568669.
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