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12 protocols using hif 1β

1

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Whole cell extracts were prepared in RIPA lysis buffer and processed for Western blotting as published previously [16 (link)]. Proteins were separated on 10% reducing SDS gels and blotted onto PVDF membranes. Unspecific binding sites were blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBST. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against MTH1 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) and HIF-1β (Cell Signaling, Cambridge, UK) as well as monoclonal mouse antibodies against β-actin (Sigma), were used overnight at 4 °C. HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Dako, Hamburg, Germany) were used for 1 h at room temperature.
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2

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Equal amount of control and SAHA-treated cell lysates were mixed with Laemmli's buffer [20 (link)], boiled, and separated on SDS–polyacrylamide gels. Proteins were transferred onto PVDF membranes and probed with polyclonal PKCε, HIF1β, CDK6, and RhoC antibodies (Cell Signaling, MA, USA) followed by anti-rabbit/mouse HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies. Tubulin was used as a loading control. Membranes were visualized using ECL detection system (Amersham Life Science, NJ, USA).
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3

Lysate Preparation and Immunoblotting

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The cells were lysed in the RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 150 mM NaCl, 1% (v/v) NP40, 0.25% (w/v) Na deoxycholate, 0.1% (w/v) SDS, 10 mM NaF, 2 mM Na3VO4 and 1 tablet/10 mL cOmplete, Mini, EDTA-free protease inhibitors (Roche)), centrifuged for 10 mins at 13,000 rpm at 4 °C, collecting the supernatant for analysis. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting were performed using standard protocols. The following primary antibodies were used for immunoblotting: HIF-1α (610958, BD Biosciences, Workingham, UK), HIF-2α (sc-13596, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA), HIF-1β (3718, Cell Signalling, Leiden, Holland), β-Actin (3700, Cell Signaling, Leiden, Holland/60009-1-Ig, Proteintech, Manchester, UK), PBRM1 (ABE70, Millipore, Feltham, UK), YTHDF2 (24744-1-AP, Proteintech, Manchester, UK/80014, Cell Signaling, Leiden, Holland), GFP (2956, Cell Signaling), BRG1 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA, sc-17796). Following incubation with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (Cell Signalling Technology, Leiden, Holland), chemiluminescence (Pierce/ThermoFisher, Paisley, UK) was detected. All the figures are representative of a minimum of three independent experiments.
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4

Comprehensive Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer, 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8), 150 mM NaCl, 1% (v/v) NP40, 0.5% (v/v) Na-deoxycholate, 0.1% (v/v) SDS, and 1 tablet/10 ml Complete, Mini, EDTA-free protease inhibitors (Roche). SDS–PAGE and immunoblots were carried out using standard protocols.
Antibodies were used as follows: SINHCAF [1 (link)], HIF-2α (PA1-16510, Thermo Scientific; 7096, Cell Signaling), β-actin (3700, Cell Signaling), HIF-1α (610958, BD Biosciences), HIF-1β (3718, Cell Signaling), PHD2 (Bethyl A300-322A; 4835, Cell Signaling); p52 (05-361, Merck/Millipore), E2F1 (3742, Cell Signaling), SP1 (07-645, Merck/Millipore), SP3 (sc-644, Santa Cruz Biotech), Sin3A (sc-994, Santa Cruz Biotech; 8056, Cell Signaling); HDAC1 (17-10199; Merck/Millipore), AcH3 (acetylated histone H3; 06-599, Merck/Millipore), p62/STQM (610832, BD Biosciences), poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) (9532, Cell Signaling), cleaved PARP (9541, Cell Signaling), caspase-3 (9662, Cell Signaling), cleaved caspase-3 (9661, Cell Signaling), and LC3B (3868, Cell Signaling).
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5

Elucidating PRMT3 and HIF-1 Signaling

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RKO, LoVo, HEK293T, and HUVEC cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Antibodies against PRMT3 (Abcam; ab191562), GAPDH (Abcam; ab9485), H4R3me2a (Abcam; ab194683), histone 4 (Abclone; A1131), VEGFA (Abclone; A12303), HIF1α (cell signaling technology; #36169); HIF1β (cell signaling technology; #3718), flag-tag (cell signaling technology; #14793), stat3 (cell signaling technology; #9139), Y705-p-stat3 (cell signaling technology; #9145), β-actin (cell signaling technology; #3700) were used in the current study. SGC707 (HY-19715) was obtained from MedChemExpress company. All cell lines were authenticated by STR profiling and there was no mycoplasma contamination.
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6

Fibroblast Protein Expression Analysis

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Fibroblasts were lysed using 2 x Laemmli SDS sample buffer or urea buffer (8 M Urea, 1 M Thiourea, 0.5% CHAPS, 50 mM DTT, and 24 mM Spermine). Western blotting of cellular lysates was performed for β-actin (1:100.000, Sigma-Aldrich, Poole, UK), LOXL2 (1:1000, R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK), HIF1α (1:1000, BD Biosciences, Wokingham, UK), FIH (1:200, mouse monoclonal 162 C) (Wang et al., 2018 (link)), β-tubulin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, London, UK), HIF1 β (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), p-Smad2/3 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), p-ERK (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), active β-catenin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology). Immunodetected proteins were identified using the enhanced chemiluminescence system (Clarity Western Blotting ECL Substrate, Bio-Rad Laboratories Ltd, Watford, UK) or Odyssey imaging system (LI-COR), and evaluated by ImageJ 1.42q software (National Institutes of Health).
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7

Comparative Analysis of Pancreatic and Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines

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The human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines HuCCT-1 and SCK were cultured in RPMI-1640. PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells were purchased from the ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). HuCCT-1 and SCK cells were procured from the Health Science Research Resources Bank (Osaka, Japan) and Dr. Dae-Ghon Kim of Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital (Jeonju, Korea), respectively. All cell lines were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2. Antibodies against S6K, phospho-S6K, S6, phospho-S6, 4EBP1, phospho-4EBP1, cleaved caspase-3, CHOP, Bax, Bim, BCl-2, cyclin B1, HIF-1β, CD44, SPARC, vimentin, and GAPDH were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. CD-31 and VEGF were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). HIF-1α, VEFGR2/Flk-1, and MMP-2 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
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8

Hypoxia Signaling Pathway Regulation

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Brusatol was purchased from Tauto Biotech (Shanghai, China); cycloheximide (CHX) and MG132 were purchased from Calbiochem; 2,2'-bipyridiyl was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Primary antibodies against the following proteins were used: HIF-1α (R&D Systems), HIF-1β (Cell Signaling Technology), PHD1 (R&D Systems), PHD2 (Cell Signaling Technology), PHD3 (Novus Biologicals), and c-Myc (Cell Signaling Technology). Secondary antibodies used for immunoblotting include horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-rabbit (Cell Signaling Technology), and anti-goat (Upstate).
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9

Comprehensive Protein Analysis from Cell Lysates

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A total of 1 × 106 cells were lysed for each sample, as described previously.25 (link), 62 (link) Equal amounts of protein were separated on 7.5–13% SDS-PAGE depending on the molecular size of the proteins of interest, blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham Biociences, Little Chalfon, UK) and blocked with 5% non-fat dry milk in PBS/Tween (0.05% Tween-20 in PBS). Antibodies directed against the following proteins were used: anti-c-Flip was made by our own laboratory;63 (link) anti-Bad, -Bak, -Bax, -Bcl-xL, -Bcl-w, -Bid, -Bim, -HIF-1α, -HIF-1β, -Puma, -VEGF and -XIAP were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Bcl-2, -Mcl-1, -p21 and -p27 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany); anti-Tax from NIH (Hybridoma, Bethesda, MD, USA; cat. no. 1312); anti-tubulin and -actin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany).
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10

Investigating Cell Responses to Hypoxia and Chemotherapies

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Cells were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia, and/or subjected to treatment with cisplatin or docetaxel for 24h. Cells were lysed for 20 min in ice-cold RIPA lysis buffer supplemented with 1 mM PMSF and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. Blotting was performed with antibodies against UCP2 (Clone # sc-6526, Santa Cruz, Dallas, USA), PPARγ (Cat. # 2443, Cell Signaling Technology, Boston, USA), DEC1 (Santa Cruz), HIF1α (Cat. # 14179, Cell Signaling), HIF-1β (Cat. # 3414, Cell Signaling), Stat3 (Cat. # 9139, Cell Signaling), phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705, Cat. # 9145, Cell Signaling), and ABCG2 (Cat. # 4477, Cell Signaling). Goat anti-rabbit and goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin horseradish peroxidase-linked F(ab)2 fragments from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA) were used as secondary antibodies.
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