Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry using a cell cycle analysis kit (BD Bioscience). In brief, at least 1*106 cells were harvested and washed, then cells were fixed in ice-cold 70% ethanol for at least 2h at 4°Cwashed the cells again and stained with a solution containing 50μg/ml PI and 50 RNase at room temperature for 30 min. Cell cycle was analyzed with a FACS Calibur MT flow cytometer (BD Bioscience).
Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-APC apoptosis detection kit (BD Bioscience). In brief, cells were harvested and washed, then cells were suspended in binding buffer and incubated with Annexin V-APC and propidium iodide (PI) at 4°C, the cells were double stained with Annexin V-APC and PI according to the manufacturer's instructions. Early apoptosis and the late apoptosis were determined by Annexin V+/PI- staining and Annexin V+/PI+ staining, respectively. The percentage of apoptosis cells in each sample was examined using the FASC Calibur MT flow cytometer (BD Bioscience).