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211 protocols using trypan blue dye

1

Trypan Blue Cell Viability Assay

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To compare the number of dead cells in four PRODH-expressing clones and two control clones, we performed an initial analysis by staining cells with Trypan Blue dye (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy). Cells were seeded in a 6-well plate to reach 80% confluence after four days from seeding. On day four, cells were detached and an aliquot of the cellular suspension was diluted 1:2 with Trypan Blue dye; the cells were counted with Burker chamber using a light microscope (TIEsseLab, Milan, Italy). The test was repeated twice, and at least 700 cells were counted for each clone.
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2

Porous Hydrogel Scaffold Fabrication

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Gelatin type A from porcine
skin (bloom 300), GA (25% solution in water), glycine, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimidehydrochloride
(EDC), diethylpyrocarbonate, glycyrrhetinic acid, and collagenase
from Clostridium histolyticum in addition
to the chemicals that were used in the cytotoxicity studies: dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO), MTT, and trypan blue dye were purchased from Sigma,
St. Louis, Mo., USA. Acetone was purchased from Labscan, Dublin, Ireland.
Allicin was purchased from Jiangsu chiataiqingjiang Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., China. Spectra/Por dialysis membrane, 12 000–14 000
molecular weight cutoff, was purchased from Spectrum Laboratories
Inc., Rancho Dominguez, Canada.
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3

Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Bioactive Compounds

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Ursolic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, Danshensu, and Protocatechuic aldehyde (purity > 99%) were supplied by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). Acetonitrile (ACN) used in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA. USA). Phosphoric acid and ethanol (analytical grade) were obtained from Beijing Beihua Fine Chemicals (Beijing, China). Deionized water was purified by the Milli-Q System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Penicillin, streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) were purchased from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol − 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), and Trypan blue dye were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals and solvents used were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical (Shanghai, China) and all of them were of analytical grade or better.
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4

Culturing Primary Neurosphere Cells

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We modified a previously published method [30 , 31 (link)]. To culture primary neurosphere cells, C57BL/6 mice pups, postnatal day-3, were sacrificed by decapitation. Dissections were performed in PBS with 0.6% glucose, pH 7.4, at 4°C using sterile scissor and forceps. For the SVZ dissections, each brain was sliced into 2 mm coronal sections. Tissue was washed in PBS/glucose, digested in papain–dispase–DNase solution (Lorne Laboratories, Twyford, UK); 0.1% dispase (Roche Diagnostics, Hertfordshire, UK) for 4 min, filtered through 40 μm nylon mesh cell filters (Falcon, Suffolk, UK), and then washed three times. Live cells were calculated using the trypan blue dye (Sigma) exclusion method and seeded at a density of 1 x 105 cells/ml in 25 cm2 flasks in DMEM/F12 with B27 (Invitrogen, Eugene, Oregon, USA), 1% penicillin /streptomycin/fungizone (Invitrogen, Eugene, Oregon, USA), 20 ng/ml bFGF and 20 ng/ml EGF (R&D Systems, MN, USA).
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5

Quantification of hGFs in Cell Culture

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To assess the total number of cells, 0.2 × 106 cells/mL of hGFs were placed in six well plates (Euroclone), in duplicate, for the wound-healing assay. The medium was removed and replaced by 0.25% trypsin/0.1% EDTA 1× solution (Merck KGaA) for 2 min to promote cell detachment from the acrylic substrate. In order to stop trypsin activity, the same amount of complete medium was added, and cells were collected and centrifuged at 1200× g for 5 min in order to obtain a pellet. The pellet was resuspended in 2 mL of DMEM and cells were counted using a Bürker chamber and a DM IL inverted light microscope (Leica Camera AG, Wetzlar, Germany). The number of cells obtained in the counting corresponds to the number of cells per milliliter of suspension. Cell viability was evaluated by Trypan blue dye exclusion. A total of 90 μL of 0.04% Trypan blue dye (Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA) was added to 10 μL of cell suspension and examined to determine the number of viable cells. The total number of living cells in the culture amounted to over 98% of viable cells, as determined by the exclusion of the blue Trypan dye.
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Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cancer Cell Lines

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MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) and HCT-116 cells (human colon carcinoma cell line) were obtained from VACSERA Tissue Culture Unit. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), crystal violet, and trypan blue dye were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, Mo., USA). Fetal bovine serum, DMEM, RPMI-1640, HEPES buffer solution, L-glutamine, gentamycin, and 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Lonza. crystal violet stain (1%) composed of 0.5% (w/v) crystal violet and 50% methanol dissolved in ddH2O and filtered through a Whatmann No.1 filter paper. The cytotoxicity test was conducted according the method described by Mosmann, 1983 (link), Riyadh et al., 2015 .
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7

Cell Viability Assay Protocol

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HEPES buffer, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), DMEM:Ham’s F12 medium, streptomycin/penicillin mixture, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2), trypan blue dye, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) derived from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Foetal bovine serum (FBS), GlutaMAXTM, TrypLETM Express originated from Invitrogen Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA); 0.22 μm pore size syringe filters were from Merck Millipore (Germany).
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8

Cytotoxicity and Cellular Oxidative Stress in CHO-K1 Cells Exposed to PCB 153

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The Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Dulbecco’s MEM F-12 (DMEM F-12), heat inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS), and trypsin/EDTA solution (0.25 % trypsin with EDTA 4Na) were supplied by GIBCO (Paisley, UK). PCB 153 (2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexachlorobiphenyl, CAS 35065-27-1), Trypan Blue dye (CAS 72-57-1), MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 h-tetrazolium bromide, CAS 298-93-1), and propidium iodide (PI, CAS 25535-16-4) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 (CAS 6104-59-2) was purchased from LKB (Bromma, Sweden). Neutral Red dye (CAS 553-24-2) and Muse™ Annexin V & Dead Cell Kit (cat #MCH100105) were supplied by Merck (Billerica, MA, USA). The 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) Cellular ROS Detection Assay Kit (cat #ab113851) was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). DMSO (CAS 67-68-5) and ethanol (CAS 64-17-5) were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia).
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9

Cell Culture Conditions for p53 Studies

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MEF WT p53+/+, MEF p53−/−, SaOs2-tetracycline inducible p53, E1A-RAS transformed MEFs, HT1080, EB3, 293T, CA46, SupT1, MiaPaca2, and 249P cells were initially cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Corning, New York, NY, USA) which contained 25 mM glucose and 4 mM L-glutamine. DMEM was supplemented with 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum (dFBS, Gemini Bio-Products, Sacramento, CA, USA) and 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (P/S, Genesee Scientific). All cells were cultured at 37° C with 5% CO2. SaOs2 cells engineered to induce WT p53 upon tetracycline were generously provided by Karen Vousden (Francis Crick Institute, London, England) (Bensaad et al., 2006 (link)). Doxycycline (1 μg/mL) was added to DMEM 24 hours prior to glutamine deprivation studies to ensure p53 expression. BPTES (used at 10 μM) and camptothecin (CPT, used at 2 μM) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Doxorubicin was purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). Cell viability and proliferation was measured by exclusion of Trypan blue dye (Sigma) and determined by cell counting.
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10

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Hib Compounds

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Cells were seeded in 6-well plates at 2.5 × 103 cells/well density and were treated after 24 h with increasing concentrations of HsEF, Hib-ester or Hib-carbaldehyde. Untreated cells represented the controls. After 24, 48 and 72 h, the cells were collected, stained with Trypan Blue dye (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and counted in a hemocytometer. Both viable and dead cells were counted. The percentage of death cells was calculated on the sum of all counted cells.
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