Modular compact rheometer 302

The rheological measurements were performed using a modular compact rheometer 302 from Anton Paar (Graz, Austria) equipped with a cone–plate set-up with a 50 $\mathrm{m}$ $\mathrm{m}$ diameter, an angle of $0.995$ $°$ , and a preadjusted gap size of 100 $\mathsf{\mu }$ $\mathrm{m}$ . Since shear force is permanently applied in one direction during both of the coating processes used in the present study, the viscosity measurements were performed with a rotating plate. The shear sweep measurements of the lacquers produced were performed at room temperature, i.e., 23 $°\mathrm{C}$ , from 10 to 10,000 $\frac{1}{\mathrm{s}}$ with a logarithmically increasing step size limited to 30 measuring points.

The apparent viscosity at 25 °C was determined using steady-state shear measurements (0.1–100 s⁻¹) in a Modular Compact Rheometer 302 (Anton Paar, Graz, Austria). A concentric cylinder measuring tool with an active length of 120.2 mm and a positioning length of 72.5 mm was used to determine the viscosity curves of emulsions formed using primary homogenization. A 50 mm diameter parallel plate measuring tool and a 1 mm gap setting were used for the emulsions resulting from the secondary homogenization.

A Discovery Hybrid Rheometer HR 20-TA instrument (USA) was used to perform tensile testing. Rheological measurements were conducted by using Anton-Paar’s Modular Compact Rheometer 302 (Austria). For the physical crosslinking measurement, a 25 mm parallel plate was used and the measurements were taken at 25 °C at 1 Hz and a strain rate of 0.1%. SEM images of the hydrogels were obtained by lyophilizing the hydrogels, and images were obtained using an Apreo 2 SEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Conductivity was calculated by measuring resistance using a Keithley 2400 two-point probe head. Reported values reflect an average over a minimum of three to five measurements obtained for each condition. The brightfield images were taken by using a Leica M205 FCA microscope (Germany) and Leica DMi 8 microscope (Germany), and the data were analyzed with FIJI software. GIWAXS data were obtained at 1W1A Diffuse X-ray Scattering Station, Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF-1W1A). The monochromatic of the light source was 1.54 Å. The data were recorded by using the two-dimensional image plate detector of Eiger 2 M from Dectris, Switzerland.