Ion meter glp 22

Urine color and turbidity were evaluated as recommended by WSAVA [18 (link)]. Urinalysis was obtained with a dipstick, pH and density were determined with a potentiometer (pH and Ion-Meter GLP 22, Crison, Barcelona, Spain) and a refractometer, respectively. Hemogram was performed using a hematology analyzer (Sysmex XT-2000iV, Norderstedt, Germany). The serum chemistry profile and urinary CT were determined using a chemistry analyzer (Mindray BS-380, Shenzhen, China). Serum CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetry using a Roche Cobas c501 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) with the Gentian Canine CRP Kit (Gentian Diagnostics, Stockholm, Sweden). Serum SOD activity was determined using the SOD Assay Kit (Enzo, New York, NY, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions and a Cytation 3 microplate reader (Bio-Tek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA) controlled by Gen 5 software (Bio-Tek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA) for colorimetric detection. The value of Cu/ZnSOD activity was expressed as units per g of serum total protein (TP).

Analysis was run in duplicate. Thawed feces were diluted to 1:10 (w/v) in 20 mL of water, sonicated, and incubated for 10 min at room temperature. The pH was determined using a potentiometer (pH and Ion-Meter GLP 22, Crison, Barcelona, Spain). The concentration of ammonia-N was determined using the method of Smith et al. (27 ) adapted to dog feces. Briefly, 1 g of feces were solubilized in 10 mL of KCl 2 M, centrifuged for 60 min at 5200 × g at 4°C, and the supernatant filtered using a 0.45 μm pore size polyethersulfone syringe filter (FILTER-LAB, Barcelona, Spain). Forty μL of supernatant were mixed with 40 μL of water, 2.5 mL of phenol solution and 2 mL of alkaline hypochlorite solution. After incubation for 10 min at 37°C and 40 min in the dark at 22°C, the absorbance of samples was read at 550 nm in a SynergyTM HT Multimode plate reader (BioTek^® Instruments Inc., Winooski, VT). An ammonia solution (32 mg/dL) was used as standard. For volatile fatty acids (VFA) analysis, feces were acidified with ortho-phosphoric acid solution, centrifuged for 60 min at 2360 × g at 4°C, and the supernatant analyzed by gas chromatography as described by Pereira et al. (28 (link)).

Color and turbidity were evaluated as recommended by Alleman and Wamsley (45 ). Urinalysis was performed with a dipstick, and pH and density, respectively, determined with a potentiometer (pH and Ion-Meter GLP 22, Crison, Barcelona, Spain) and a refractometer (URIVET hand refractometer, HPM003, Zuzi).