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12 protocols using cd11b

1

Comprehensive Immune Characterization of BALF

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BAL fluid was collected from each animal through cannulation of the exposed trachea, and flushing twice with .7mL of PBS. BALF samples were centrifuged at 500xG for 5 minutes, and supernatant was immediately frozen for later cytokine analyses. For flow cytometry, pelleted cells were resuspended in FACS (PBS + 5% FBS) buffer for staining and with Zombie NIR (Biolegend, 423105, SanDiego, CA), CD45, Alexa Fluor 532 (eBioscience, 58-0459-42,San Diego, CA), CD11c, PE-Cy7 (Biolegend, 117317, SanDiego, CA), CD11B, BV480 (BD Biosciences, 566117, SanJose, CA), SIGLEC F, AF700 (eBioscience, 56-1702-80, SanDiego, CA), Ly-6c, FITC (Biolegend, 128005, San Diego, CA),and Ly-6G, BV650 (Biolegend, 127641, San Diego, CA) and then fixed in IC-fixation buffer (eBioscience, 00-8222-49, San Diego, CA). Samples were run on a Cytek Aurora Borealis at the University of Virginia flowcytometry core. Neutrophils are Zombie NIR−, CD45+,CD11C−, CD11B+, and Ly-6G+; eosinophils are Zombie NIR−,CD45+, CD11C−, CD11B+, and Siglec-F+; inflammatory monocytes are Zombie NIR−, CD45+, CD11C−, CD11B+, Ly-6G−, and Ly-6C+.
Cytokine analyses were performed via Luminex Mouse 32-plex (MCYTMAG-70K-PX32, Millipore-sigma). Samples were run following manufacturers protocol after an 18-hour incubation before being run on Luminex® analyzer (MAGPIX®).
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2

Quantifying Immune Cell Infiltration in Mouse Brain Injury

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C57Bl/6 mice were euthanized at 7 days post-injury and transcardially perfused with PBS, followed by 4 % paraformaldehyde. Brains were removed, post-fixed, and cryoprotected in 30 % sucrose. Thirty-micrometer sections were cut on a cryostat (Microm HM550, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Brain sections were treated with blocking buffer (10 % goat serum/0.1 % BSA/0.01 % Triton X-100) for 1 h at RT and stained O/N at 4 °C with antibodies against CD45-FITC (1:200, eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), CCR2 (1:100, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), CD11b (1:200, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), and F4/80 (1:200, AbD Serotec, Raleigh, NC). After washing with PBS, three times, secondary Abs (1:200; anti-Rabbit-Cys3; Jackson ImmunoLaboratories, West Grove, PA, USA, anti-Hamster rat-Cys3; Jackson ImmunoLaboratories) were added and incubated for 1 h at RT. Slides were washed with PBS for 5 min, three times, and then coverslipped with mounting media with DAPI (Prolong Gold with DAPI, Invitrogen). The stained brain tissue sections were photographed with a ×20 objective using the BIOREVO all-in-one fluorescence microscope (BZ-9000 Generation II, Keyence microscope), and positive signal was measured using BZ-9000 Generation II analyzer (Keyence).
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3

Immunohistochemical Staining Protocol

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All reagents were purchased from Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO), Permount™ was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA), and absolute ethanol was purchased from Pharmco (Brookfield, CT). Normal horse serum, normal goat serum, biotinylated horse anti-mouse immunoglobulin G and Vectastain kits were obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA). Antibodies were purchased from AbD Serotec (Raleigh, NC, CD11b), and Millipore (Temecula, CA, GFAP, ChAT, rat biotinylated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G, and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB)).
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4

Structural Analysis of PA Wall

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To study the general structure and cellular organization in the PA wall, a longitudinal section and several ring sections were cut with a blade at the same anatomical location. The sections were stained with the nuclear dye 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA; 1 : 500 from a 5 mg/mL stock) for 30 min at room temperature (RT) in darkness and were washed twice in PBS (15 min, RT). To detect the presence of inflammatory cells, while another segment was first incubated with the primary antibody CD11b (Millipore, Bellerica, MA, USA) (60 min, 1 : 200 in PBS at RT) and then washed with PBS (30 min, RT). Thereafter, the segments were incubated with the secondary antibody Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen, Madrid, Spain; 60 min, 1 : 200, RT), were washed with PBS for 30 min, and were incubated with DAPI as described above.
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5

Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry for Microglial and Immune Cell Markers

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Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed for Mouse anti-Iba-1(1: 300, Chemicon, USA) for activated microglia. For peripheral immune cells CD3 (1:200, Millipore, USA,) a marker for activated T-cells, CD-68 (1:400, Abcam, USA) a monocyte lineage marker and CD11b (1:200, Millipore, USA) a macrophage marker were used in brain samples. The corresponding secondary antibodies were used: goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 (1:1000; Molecular Probes) for Iba-1, goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 594 for both CD3, CD11b and Rabbit anti-Rat fluorescein for CD68 Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI.
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neural Markers

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Free-floating sections (40 μm) were washed in 0.1 M PBS, incubated in 0.1 M PBS containing 5% normal donkey serum and 0.3% TritonX-100 for 1 h, and subsequently incubated overnight with primary antibodies (Nox1, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, 1:500; GFAP, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA, 1:500; CD11b, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA, 1:200; Ki67, Thermo Scientific, Fremont, CA, USA, 1:200; 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), 1:500; doublecortin (DCX), Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, 1:500; NeuN, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA, 1:1000; active caspase-3, Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Danvers, MA, USA, 1:500) in 2% normal donkey serum (Vector Lab, Burlingame,CA, USA) in PBS at 4°C and incubated in a 1:200 dilution of Alexa Fluor conjugated donkey anti-rabbit (546) or donkey anti-mouse (647) antibodies (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA) for 1h at room temperature, washed with PBS, and then mounted sequentially in glass slides using Vectashield (Vector Lab, Burlingame, CA, USA). Mounted slices were evaluated for fluorescence under settings for 546 and 647 emissions on a confocal microscope (Olympus, USA).
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7

Microglial Cell Immunocytochemistry on Chip

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Microglial cells on the microfluidic chip were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Gibco-BRL, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) for 15 min at room temperature (RT). Blocking was performed using 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA; Millipore, MN, USA) in PBS (1% w/v) for approximately 2 h at RT. Subsequently, the cells were incubated with CD11b (Millipore, MN, USA) and CD206 (Novus biologicals, CO, USA) primary antibodies for 2 h at 37 °C at a dilution ratio of 1:100 and washed with PBS containing 1% BSA. Thereafter, the cells were incubated with Alexa 555 secondary antibody (1:200; Invitorgen, Waltham, MA, USA) for 2 h at 37 °C.
Human NP cells were treated with recombinant IL-1β for 48 h and fixed and blocked with proprietary reagents. Anti-NF-κB p65 mouse monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA) was used to detect NF-κB p65 protein. Goat anti-mouse Alexa 555 secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) and 5% BSA were used for secondary incubation in PBS for 1 h at room temperature. After staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) for 10 min, fluorescence images were acquired using a confocal microscope (Zeiss, LSM 900).
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8

Murine Immune Cell Phenotyping

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Spleens were mashed between two glass slides and passed repeatedly through a 25 5/8G needle to dissociate single cells. Following RBC lysis, cells were quantified using a Countess(Invitrogen). Lymph nodes were processed as above without RBC lysis. Cells stained using these antibodies(Biolegend): B220(RA3-6B2), CD19(6D5), Kappa(RMK-45), Lambda(RML-42), CD11c(N418), CD8α(53-6.7), CD3ε(145-2C11), CD4(GK1.5), CD62L(MEL-14), CD44(IM7), CD25(PC61), Pan-NK(DX5), CD11b(M1/70), Ly6G(1A8), CD115(AFS98), F4/80(BM8), and DAPI(Sigma).
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9

Characterization of Cultured AD-MSCs

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Finally, before performing the animal study, International Society Cell Therapy’s (ISCT) minimal criteria were followed to confirm the stemness of the cultured cells through flow cytometric analysis of some negative and positive surface markers to ensure the retaining of their phenotype. First, specific rats’ antibodies (CD11b, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, and CD105), bought from Sigma Aldrich, were added to the isolated AD-MSCs. Then, the expression level of these molecules on the cell surface was detected using a FACS Caliber flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), and FACSDiva Software was used to analyze the results [25 (link)].
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10

Characterization of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Cells isolated from the bone marrow of mice with or without TBI were incubated for 20 min at 4°C with antibodies conjugated to phycoerythrin (PE), allophycocyanin (APC), peridinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP), and APC-Cy7 against mouse Sca-1, CD29, CD45, and CD11b (Sigma). Acquisitions were performed on a flow cytometer for quantitative analysis of BMMSCs with Sca-1(+), CD29(+), CD45(-), and CD11b(-). For ROS analysis, quadri-color-labeled cells were incubated with DCFH-DA probes for 30 min at 4°C, while for indirect FACS analysis of CRIF1, quadri-color-labeled cells were incubated with a CRIF1 anti-rabbit antibody for 1 h at 24°C and mixed with the appropriate FITC-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) for 30 min at 24°C. Cells were washed twice in PBS, and acquisitions were performed on a flow cytometer.
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