M4 tornado

Manufactured by Bruker

Sourced in Germany, United States

The M4 Tornado is a compact and powerful X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer designed for elemental analysis. It provides fast, non-destructive and reliable determination of elements from sodium to uranium in a wide range of sample types.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Esprit software, by Bruker (2 mentions) D2 phaser, by Bruker (2 mentions) H 7650, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Tensor 27, by Bruker (1 mentions) D max 2500 pc, by Rigaku (1 mentions) Sta 409 pc luxx, by Netzsch (1 mentions) Sigma sem, by Zeiss (1 mentions) Micromax 007hf, by Rigaku (1 mentions) S2 picofox txrf spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions) Multiwave go, by Anton Paar (1 mentions) Tecnai g2 spirit biotwin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Cary eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Linxeye detector, by Bruker (1 mentions) D8 advance a25, by Bruker (1 mentions) Quanta 250 feg, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) G2 f20 s twin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Asap 2020, by Micromeritics (1 mentions) Esprit hypermap, by Bruker (1 mentions) Xflash s 5030, by Bruker (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Tornado M4 micro-XRF system M4 Tornado µ-XRF spectrometer M4 TORNADO Micro-XRF spectrometer M4 TORNADO™ Micro-XRF M4 TORNADO EDXRF spectrometer M4 TORNADO PLUS

39 protocols using m4 tornado

Elemental Mapping of Dental Tissues

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The one week group’s rats were sacrificed and targeted teeth were collected and chemically fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde, followed by graded ethanol series dehydration. Samples were embedded in epoxy resin (Quetol-812, Nissin EM, Tokyo, Japan). Then they were prepared in 4 mm³ cubes. Resin samples were sectioned in the sagittal axis, and the surfaces were polished and observed under µXRF spectrometer (M4 TORNADO, Bruker, Berlin, Germany).
Elemental maps were produced for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), strontium (Sr), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and bismuth (Bi) in vivo and Ca and P in vitro based on the resulting data obtained. The basic settings parameters of the µXRF were as follows: voltage, 50 kV; current, 600 µA; pixel size, 4 µm; and exposure time, ~12 min in dry conditions. Esprit software (Bruker) was used to conduct elemental settings that displayed the distributions of these elements according to their intensities beneath the pulp capping area.

Okamoto M., Ali M., Komichi S., Watanabe M., Huang H., Ito Y., Miura J., Hirose Y., Mizuhira M., Takahashi Y., Okuzaki D., Kawabata S., Imazato S, & Hayashi M. (2019). Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Filler Contributes to Tertiary Dentin Formation through a Mechanism Different Than That of Hydraulic Calcium-Silicate Cement. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(9), 1440.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Evaluating Shale Mineralogy by XRD

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

XRD technique is a common technique
used in the evaluation of the
mineralogical composition of shales. 29 samples were analyzed for
clay fraction and whole-rock mineral constituents by using a “Panalytical
X’Pert PRO” X-ray diffractometer, equipped with a “Cu
X-ray” target (40 kV, 40 mA). Each 5 g sample was dried in
an oven at 40 °C for 2 days then crushed and ground to powder
form (<44 μm) fraction by using an agate mortar. Identification
of various mineral phases and their quantitative relative abundances
(weight %) were deduced using computer diffractogram analysis. Major
elements (>1% by weight) such as Al, Si, Ca, Fe, Mg, S, Sc, and
Ru,
minor element (1–0.01% by weight), for example, Cr, Mn, P,
Sr, Ti, Zr, Pd, Na, and Th, and trace elements (<100 ppm by weight)
such as Ni, Ga, Cu, U, Zn, Rb, and Pb were identified by using an
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. A total of 18 Es3x shale samples
were selected for XRF analysis and used to identify major, minor,
and trace element analysis. The distribution of these elements in
the shale samples was estimated by using an “M4 Tornado (Bruker)”
micro XRF spectrometer, with a voltage of 50 kV, and a current of
600 μA. A 25 μm beam size, using a time of 5 μs/pixel
was used in this analysis.

Khan D., Qiu L., Liang C., Mirza K., Rehman S.U., Han Y., Hannan A., Kashif M, & Kra K.L. (2021). Genesis and Distribution of Pyrite in the Lacustrine Shale: Evidence from the Es3x Shale of the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Zhanhua Sag, East China. ACS Omega, 7(1), 1244-1258.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Spatially Resolved Chemical Mapping of Organoids

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

A micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) system (M4 Tornado, Bruker Instruments, Germany) was used to generate spatially resolved chemical maps of organoids, scaffolds and bone tissue and to investigate the formation of matrix and cellular structures within fibrin matrices by coding for CAlcium, Phosphorus, Sulphur and Potassium, present in these structures. The machine contains a rhodium μ-focus X-Ray tube and a polycapillary lens, used to focus the X-Rays to a spot size of 25 μm. Recordings were taken without prior sample processing, at room temperature and under vacuum conditions. The X-Ray tube operated at a voltage of 50 kV and 200/400 μA anode current. High-resolution maps were acquired using a spot size between 4–20 μm and exposure times of 2–50 ms/pixel. The same settings were used for all constructs in the same group of investigation. Elemental maps were formed in real time by integrating the photon counts around the emission lines of Ca (Kα), P (Kα), S (Kα), K (Kα), generating an image where pixel intensity was proportional to the number of X-Ray counts/s per electronvolt (eV) from each measured point on the construct. Thus, pixel intensity increased with X-Ray counts, with maximum pixel intensity normalised to the highest count rate per eV for each element of interest, across the entire construct.

Iordachescu A., Hughes E.A., Joseph S., Hill E.J., Grover L.M, & Metcalfe A.D. (2021). Trabecular bone organoids: a micron-scale ‘humanised’ prototype designed to study the effects of microgravity and degeneration. NPJ Microgravity, 7, 17.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Micro-XRF Elemental Analysis of Subcutaneous Tissues

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Rats with each root canal material implanted subcutaneously were kept for 14 days, and elemental analysis of the neighboring subcutaneous tissue affected by the RCO sealer was performed via micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (micro-XRF), based on previous reports [15 (link)]. Implanted tubes containing each material were collected, chemically fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde, and then dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The samples were then embedded in epoxy resin (Quetol-812, Nissin EM, Tokyo, Japan). The resin samples were then split longitudinally, and the surfaces were polished and observed under a micro-XRF spectrometer (M4 TORNADO, Bruker, Berlin, Germany). Based on the data obtained, elemental maps were created for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), strontium (Sr), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and bismuth (Bi). The basic parameters for the micro-XRF were as follows: voltage 50 kV; current 600 µA; pixel size 4 µm; exposure time 12 min under dry conditions. The elemental mapping was performed using Esprit software (Bruker, Berlin, Germany), and the distribution of these elements according to intensity was displayed.

Okamoto M., Matsumoto S., Moriyama K., Huang H., Watanabe M., Miura J., Sugiyama K., Hirose Y., Mizuhira M., Kuriki N., Leprince J.G., Takahashi Y., Kawabata S, & Hayashi M. (2022). Biological Evaluation of the Effect of Root Canal Sealers Using a Rat Model. Pharmaceutics, 14(10), 2038.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Micro-XRF Analysis of GDE Catalyst

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

A Bruker M4 TORNADO was used for micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements to determine the loading of the Ag catalyst on the GDE. The loading was extracted using the Bruker XMethod software. Under vacuum, an elemental mapping of the respective prepared electrode (approximately 2 × 4.5 cm area) was obtained with a source current of 200 μA, a beam incidence angle of 50° and a scan rate of 30 ms per point.

Seteiz K., Häberlein J.N., Heizmann P.A., Disch J, & Vierrath S. (2023). Carbon black supported Ag nanoparticles in zero-gap CO2 electrolysis to CO enabling high mass activity. RSC Advances, 13(27), 18916-18926.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Micro-XRF Analysis of Samples

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The investigated objects were examined using a Bruker^® (Billerica, MA, USA) M4 Tornado micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) benchtop spectrometer equipped with an Rh tube, operating at 50 kV, 500 μA, and spot 25 μm obtained with polycapillary optics, as well as with a XFlash^® detector providing an energy resolution better than 145 eV (at Mn Kα) and five filters [20 (link),21 (link)]. Spectrum energy calibration was performed daily before each analysis by using zirconium (Zr) metal (Bruker^® calibration standard). The sensitivity of μXRF was determined by the excitation probability of the sample and the peak to background ratio. The background intensities were directly computed by the equipment (ESPRIT Bruker^® software). The sample chamber can be evacuated to 20 mbar and, therefore, light elements such as sodium can be measured [22 (link)]. Constant exciting energies of 50 kV and 500 μA were applied during the analysis. The set-up mapping acquisition parameters comprised a pixel size of 80 μm and an acquisition time, for each pixel, of 6 ms.
For XRF mapping, the objects were mounted on a thin layer (0.01 mm) of polyethylene, suspended in the chamber to reduce the noise of map acquisition, and pressed parallel to the stage table.

Capobianco G., Sferragatta A., Lanteri L., Agresti G., Bonifazi G., Serranti S, & Pelosi C. (2020). μXRF Mapping as a Powerful Technique for Investigating Metal Objects from the Archaeological Site of Ferento (Central Italy). Journal of Imaging, 6(7), 59.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Microstructural Characterization of Catalyst

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The microstructure of the catalyst was observed using TEM (H-7650, Hitachi, Japan) operating at 80.0 kV. The X-ray diffraction was performed using an XRD, (D/Max 2500 PC, Rigaku, Japan) with Cu-Kα radiation and operating conditions of 40 kV, 200 mA, range: 10–80°. Mapping of the chemical composition was carried out using a μ-XRF spectrometer (M4 Tornado, Bruker, Germany). The infrared spectra were measured using an FTIR spectrometer (Tensor 27, Bruker, Germany) with a resolution of 2 cm⁻¹ using a KBr tablet as a blank. The N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms were measured using a volumetric computer-controlled surface analyser (NOVA 2200e, Quantachrome, USA) at 77.3 K (the temperature of liquid N₂). Before measurement, the samples were pre-treated in a tube under vacuum at 300 °C for 4 h to remove any adsorbed substances. A thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyser (STA 409 PC Luxx, Netzsch, Germany) was used for TG analysis, and the measurement was performed at a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ under a N₂ flow rate of 50 mL min⁻¹.

Chen W., Wu Z., Peng R., Wu W., Li X., Cao D., Zhang Z, & Niu K. (2023). Low-cost diatomite supported binary transition metal sulfates: an efficient reusable solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. RSC Advances, 13(9), 6002-6009.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Microbeam X-ray Fluorescence Analysis

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The element composition distribution of the aluminum alloy section was analyzed by microbeam X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (M4 tornado, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). The detailed parameters were as follows: X-ray tube voltage was 50 kV, current was 150 μA, target material was Rh, beam spot size was 20 μm, beam spot collection interval was 10 μm, scanning time per pixel was 100 ms, and sample chamber vacuum was 20.1 mbar.

Han B., Sun D., Wan W., Dong C., Li D., Zhao L, & Wang H. (2022). Correlation among Composition, Microstructure and Hardness of 7xxx Aluminum Alloy Using Original Statistical Spatial-Mapping Method. Materials, 15(16), 5767.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Elemental Composition of Ultrasonic Scaler Tips

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The elemental compositions of the stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tips were determined using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μXRF) analysis (M4 TORNADO, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) with a rhodium filament operating at 50 kV and 40 mA and with a spot size of 25 µm. The system comprises a Rh anode X-ray tube and an XFlash detector (energy resolution 145 eV for Mn-Kα and 30 mm² active). Two sites were measured at random for each sample, and the mean values were obtained and compared. Also, the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; MERLIN, ZEISS, Ltd., Oberkochen, Germany) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the elemental compositions.

Go H.B., Bang J.Y., Kim K.N., Kim K.M, & Kwon J.S. (2021). Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Commercial Stainless Steel Used in Dental Instruments. Materials, 14(4), 827.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Elemental Mapping of Cement Mortar Tiles

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

To evaluate chemical composition and element distribution, samples were identified and characterized by micro-XRF. Measurements were performed using a M4 Tornado (Bruker) equipped with a Rh tube, operating at 50 kV, 200 μA, with 25 μm spot obtained with poly-capillary optics. All acquisitions were acquired under vacuum conditions at 20 mBar, with a step size of 110 μm and mapping acquisition at 10 ms/pixel. The analyzed elements for the identification of tile from cement mortar are calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), aluminium (Al), and iron (Fe). A mosaic of four-element maps was used for comparison with those obtained by HSI classification.

Trotta O., Bonifazi G., Capobianco G, & Serranti S. (2021). Recycling-Oriented Characterization of Post-Earthquake Building Waste by Different Sensing Techniques. Journal of Imaging, 7(9), 182.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!