Originpro 8.5g

BLI experiments were performed using an Octet RED96 instrument (fortéBIO, PALL Life Science, Menlo Park, USA). N-terminally biotinylated Aβ(1–42) was dissolved in HFIP, lyophilized and dissolved in 2 mM aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 mg/ml) in order to destroy any pre-existing aggregates. The Aβ(1–42) solution was neutralized by dilution in running buffer (20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) to a final concentration of 20 μg/ml and directly immobilized on Super Streptavidin biosensors (SSA) (fortéBIO, PALL Life Science, Menlo Park, USA) to a final depth of 3 nm. Ligand biosensors and reference biosensors were quenched with 20 μg/ml biotin for 7 min.
For K_D determinations, the binding of a dilution series of DB3 (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 μM) or DBDB3 (20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125 μM) was detected in parallel to the ligand biosensors and reference biosensors. A separate buffer cycle was used for double referencing. For evaluation, steady state response levels were plotted against the applied peptide concentrations and fitted according to Langmuir´s 1:1 binding model (Hill function with n = 1, OriginPro 8.5G, OriginLab, Northampton, USA).

The software programs R 3.4.2 [121 ] and Origin Pro 8.5G (OriginLab, Northampton, MA, USA) were used for statistical analyses and figure generation. Data of plant height, stem diameter, biomass of each tissue, gas exchange, anatomical traits and hormone concentrations were analyzed. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the means between different treatments. Normality and homogeneity of variances were assessed visually by plotting residuals. Logarithmic (log2) transformation was applied to achieve normal distribution if necessary. When p-value < 0.05, Tukey test was applied as post-hoc for pairwise analysis.

Tensile testing was conducted on a ZWICK & ROELL Z2.5 instrument (Zwick ROELL, Ulm, Germany) equipped with an air conditioner at 24.9 ± 0.3 °C. All measurements were performed with a strain rate of 0.25 mm·s⁻¹ and a loading speed of 25 mm·min⁻¹. The cross section of the specimen was taken at three different places and averaged. The contact pressure was 0.8 bar. Tensile data (Young’s modulus E, toughness U_T, and yield strength σ_y) reported herein were averages taken from at least three specimens per sample. The Young’s modulus (E) was calculated in the linear region of 0.05% to 0.20% elongation. Errors were given as maximum error. The data were collected and analyzed with the computer program testXpert II (Zwick ROELL) or ORIGINPRO 8.5G (Originlab, Northampton, MA, USA).