Milli q water

Triethoxysilane (TES) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD. (Tokyo, Japan). Colloidal ink of zinc oxide (ZnO), 1-decene, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and molybdenum (IV) oxide (MoO₃, 99.97% trace metal basis) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. 4,4′-Bis(carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP, 99.9% trace metals basis) was purchased from Luminescence Technology Corp. Electronic-grade hydrofluoric acid (HF, 48% aqueous solution) was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., INC. Toluene (HPLC-grade), chloroform, ethanol (99.5), methanol, and Zn powder were purchased from Wako Chemical. Milli-Q water (resistivity = 18.2 MΩ·cm) was obtained by Sartorius water purification system (arium 611 UV).

The average redispersed particle sizes and polydispersity index (PDI) of the formulations were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique (Zetasizer Nano ZS 90; Malvern Panalytical Ltd, Malvern, UK) at a fixed scattering angle of 90° and room temperature. Before measurement, 0.05 g curcumin nanoemulsion or silica-lipid hybrid microparticles were dispersed in 10 g Milli-Q water (Arium pro Basic, Sartorius). The aqueous dispersion was centrifuged (TGL-16; Xiangyi, Changsha, PR China) at 633×g for 10 min in order to precipitate the silica microparticles. Each sample was measured three times.

colistin (sulfate; CAS# 1264-72-8) and sulbactam (CAS# 68373-14-8) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, USA). Stock solutions (5.12 mg/ml of each) were prepared using Milli-Q water and filtered through 0.22-μm syringe filters (Sartorius, Melbourne, VIC, Australia). All organic solvents used in metabolite sample extraction and the mobile phase of liquid chromatography (LC) were LC–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) grade and purchased from Merck Millipore (Bayswater, VIC, Australia).
A. baumannii AB090342 was collected from a patient (60–65 years old) with ventilator-associated pneumonia who received intravenous colistimethate sodium (150-mg colistin base activity every 12 h for 10 days) (Han et al., 2018a (link)). The patient was enrolled in a clinical study that was approved by the institutional review board of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Zhejiang, China) and Huashan Hospital (Shanghai, China), and an informed consent form was obtained from the patient before the study. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of colistin (0.5 mg/L) and sulbactam (128 mg/L) were determined by broth microdilution.

A glass capillary of dimension 0.05 mm × 0.5 mm × 50 mm is attached to a metal holder via an epoxy resin (UHU plus 2 Component Epoxy). The spring constant of the capillary is then determined via vibrational method. The capillary is given a gentle blow and the subsequent time scale of vibration is noted with the help of CMOS camera (Krüss DSA 100). With the help of eqn (1), we estimate the spring constant to be in the order of 100 μN mm⁻¹. A Milli-Q water (Sartorius AG.) drop of 15 μL is immobilized on a surface with a help of this capillary. The end of the glass sensor is equipped with a centred metal ring of diameter ≈ 2 mm. The ring is made out of metal wire having 0.5 mm diameter. The ring serves the purpose of holding and sliding the drop even on hydrophilic surfaces. The stage onto which the sample is placed is then moved at 4 mm s⁻¹ speed, which results in deflection of the glass capillary sensor. The deflection data is acquired at the speed of 30 fps using CMOS camera. This deflection of the senor is quantified by the image analysis using in-house MATLAB script. The data obtained is then multiplied with the spring constant to obtain friction force. For a sample, we perform measurements along two scanlines. On each scan line, the drop is displaced 25 mm. Each scanline comprises of 10 forward passes and 10 reverse motions.

Several mass fractions of Tween 80 (2.0–5.0%), Tween 60 (2.0–5.0%) and PC 60 (2.0–5.0%) were dissolved in 10% ODO at 70 °C, followed by the addition of 0.3% curcumin raw material. PVP K30 0.6–1.2% was added to the oil phase after curcumin was completely dissolved. Then, Milli-Q water (Arium pro Basic, Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany) (73.5–83.1%) was added to the oil mixture as the continuous phase. The mixture was stirred for 10 min to form oil in water (o/w) emulsion.

Dichloromethane for HPLC grade (99.8%) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Dreieich, Germany), while MilliQ water was obtained from a Sartorius ultrapure water system (Goettingen, Germany) (resistivity 18.2 M Ω cm⁻¹). 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (≥ 99.9%), used as recovery standard, and Supelco 37-component FAMES mix (200–600 mg L⁻¹), used as internal standard, were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The working solutions were prepared by adequate dilution of the recovery and internal standards in dichloromethane and stored at  − 20 °C before the analyses. Sodium chloride for analysis (100%) was obtained from Bernd Kraft (Duisburg, Germany). Moreover, helium Alphagaz 1 (≥ 99.999%), used as the carrier gas, argon Arcal Prime Smartop (≥ 99.999%), employed as the discharge gas, and nitrogen Alphagaz 1 (≥ 99.999%), used as the auxiliary gas in the TPI source, were supplied by Air Liquide (Oberhausen, Germany).

A glass capillary with dimensions of 0.05 mm × 0.5 mm × 50 mm was attached to a metal holder with an epoxy resin (UHU plus 2 Component Epoxy). The spring constant of the capillary was then determined via the vibrational method. The capillary was given a gentle blow, and the subsequent time scale of the vibrations was noted with the help of a CMOS camera (Krüss DSA 100). We estimated the spring constant to be on the order of 100 μN mm⁻¹. A 15 μL Milli-Q water (Sartorius AG.) drop was immobilized on a surface with the help of this capillary. The end of the glass sensor was equipped with a centered metal ring with a diameter of ∼2 mm. The ring was made of metal wire with a 0.5 mm diameter. The ring served the purpose of holding and sliding the drop even on the hydrophilic surfaces. The stage onto which the sample was placed was then moved at a speed of 4 mm s⁻¹, which resulted in deflection of the glass capillary sensor. The deflection data were acquired at a speed of 30 fps with a CMOS camera. This deflection of the sensor was quantified by image analysis with an in-house MATLAB script. The data obtained were then multiplied by the spring constant to obtain the frictional force. For each sample, we performed measurements along two scanlines. On each scan line, the drop was displaced by 25 mm. Each scanline comprised 10 forward passes and 10 reverse motions.