After the incubation period, the bacterial suspension was removed from all the roots, and the samples were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 20) and one control group (n = 20). Group 1 (CTR): control group with no disinfection protocol; Group 2 (NECPUI): NaOCl 3% + EDTA 20% + CHX 2% + NaCl 0.9% under passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with Irri S 25 (Satelec-VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany); Group 3 (NEPUI): NaOCl 3% + EDTA 20% under PUI with Irri S 25; Group 4 (CEPUI): CHX 2% + EDTA 20% under PUI with Irri S 25; Group 5 (NMPUI): NaOCl 3% + MTAD under PUI with Irri S25; and Group 6 (NaCLPUI): NaCl 0.9% under PUI with Irri S 25 (Table 1 ). Before the disinfection procedure of any group (including the control group), the roots of all groups were instrumented up to file F4 (040/0.6) of the ProTaper system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and were rinsed intermittently with 0.9% NaCl solution.
Protaper system
Manufactured by Dentsply
Sourced in Switzerland
The ProTaper system is a dental lab equipment product designed for root canal treatment. It consists of a set of specialized files and instruments used to shape and clean the interior of the tooth's root canal. The ProTaper system is intended to provide efficient and effective root canal preparation while maintaining the natural anatomy of the tooth.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Curettes, by Hu-Friedy (1 mentions)
Bhi broth, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cavitron, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Gutta percha cones, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Ah plus sealer, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Endoactivator system, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Max 1 probe, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Ah plus, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Epoxyfix, by Struers (1 mentions)
Paper points, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
11 protocols using protaper system
1
Comparative Evaluation of Root Canal Disinfection Protocols
2
Comprehensive Periodontal Treatment Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All patients underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy, consisting of manual and ultrasonic scaling and root planning, with the help of curettes (Hu-Friedy Mfg. Co., LLC). For the mechanical instrumentation of root canals, the access cavity was made, the canals were permeabilized with Kerr needles (Kerr Corp., USA) no. 10 or 15. The instrumentation was performed with the manual ProTaper system (Dentsply Sirona), using the crown-down technique. Each patient was trained on the appropriate oral hygiene means.
These therapeutic procedures were performed for all subjects included in the study. In addition, patients in the SDD group underwent adjunct therapy to modulate the host's inflammatory response to bacterial aggression with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline, 20 mg twice daily, for 3 months. Adverse events were monitored and recorded throughout the study.
Each subject performed, at home, oral rinses with 0.10% chlorhexidine solution and 0.50% chlorobutanol (Eludril®), twice/daily after dental brushing, for 2 weeks, starting on the first day of endo-periodontal treatment.
For patients with poor glycemic control, infection prophylaxis was also performed, with oral amoxicillin 2 g, taken as a single dose, 1 h before each treatment session. The patients that required this type of prophylaxis treatment were excluded from the study.
These therapeutic procedures were performed for all subjects included in the study. In addition, patients in the SDD group underwent adjunct therapy to modulate the host's inflammatory response to bacterial aggression with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline, 20 mg twice daily, for 3 months. Adverse events were monitored and recorded throughout the study.
Each subject performed, at home, oral rinses with 0.10% chlorhexidine solution and 0.50% chlorobutanol (Eludril®), twice/daily after dental brushing, for 2 weeks, starting on the first day of endo-periodontal treatment.
For patients with poor glycemic control, infection prophylaxis was also performed, with oral amoxicillin 2 g, taken as a single dose, 1 h before each treatment session. The patients that required this type of prophylaxis treatment were excluded from the study.
3
Comparative Evaluation of Root Canal Sealers
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Three resin blocks with simulated curved root canals (Plastic Training Block V04 0245; VDW, Munich, Germany) were instrumented using a ProTaper system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) up to F2 accompanied by irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The three prepared root canals were filled with 5.25% NaOCl and disinfected for 10 min. After being drying with sterile paper points, the three prepared root canals were filled with one of three root canal sealers: Apexit Plus (a calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), AH-Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) or iRoot SP (a tricalcium silicate–containing sealer, Innovative BioCeramix Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada). After sterilization by soaking in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 min, nine ProTaper F2 gutta-percha points were inserted into the three groups of root canals filled with sealer and rotated back and forth 360° to ensure that the root canal sealer was evenly coated on the surface of the gutta-percha. After solidification, the gutta-percha with root canal sealer and the control gutta-percha without sealer were cut off at the 10 mm site from the tip and placed in a 24-well microplate.
4
Premolar Root Canal Preparation Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Seventy single-rooted mature premolars, extracted as part of the orthodontic treatment plan or due to periodontal disease, were used in this in vitro study. The teeth had no root caries, external or internal root resorption, cracks, fractures, or previous root fillings. The attached hard and soft tissues were eliminated using an ultrasonic scaler (Cavitron, Dentsply Ltd., Wex Bridge, UK), and the samples were kept in 0.5% chloramine T solution until the study tests began. The crowns were cut to yield a standard 12-mm root length. Working length was determined by a #15 K-file (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Then root canal shaping and preparation procedures were completed with the ProTaper system (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) to F3 as the final apical size. Irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl was performed in the instrumentation process, followed by irrigation with 1 mL of 5.25% NaOCl for 3 minutes and 1 mL of 17% EDTA (Aria dent, Asia Chemi Teb, Tehran, Iran) for 3 minutes to remove the smear layer. Sterile saline was used for the final rinse. The outer surfaces and root apices were coated with nail varnish and resin to prevent bacterial leakage.
The specimens underwent autoclave-sterilization at 121ºC and 15 psi for 20 minutes and stored in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth (Merck, Germany) for 24 hours at 37ºC.
The specimens underwent autoclave-sterilization at 121ºC and 15 psi for 20 minutes and stored in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth (Merck, Germany) for 24 hours at 37ºC.
5
Optimized Root Canal Preparation and Irrigation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The teeth were prepared by a single operator at working length using ProTaper® system (Dentsply Maillefer) and X - SmartTM endodontic micromotor Motor® (Dentsply, UK) in continuous rotation until F2 (size 0.25 mm; taper 8%) instrument at the speed of 250 rpm (revolutions per minute), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
The mechanical and antiseptic treatment involved the use of a chelating gel, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, MM EDTA® (Micromega, France) on each of the endodontic preparation instrument and continuous irrigation with sodium hypochlorite concentration of 2.5% (5 ml per sample), as used in previous in vitro studies [9 (link),10 (link)]. At the end of the preparation, the root canal was irrigated with 2 ml EDTA 17% concentration, maintained for 3 minutes in order to remove the smear layer. The canals were dried using paper points adjusted at the working length.
The mechanical and antiseptic treatment involved the use of a chelating gel, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, MM EDTA® (Micromega, France) on each of the endodontic preparation instrument and continuous irrigation with sodium hypochlorite concentration of 2.5% (5 ml per sample), as used in previous in vitro studies [9 (link),10 (link)]. At the end of the preparation, the root canal was irrigated with 2 ml EDTA 17% concentration, maintained for 3 minutes in order to remove the smear layer. The canals were dried using paper points adjusted at the working length.
6
Root Canal Preparation and Filling
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All teeth, except those of the control group (G1), were submitted to root canal treatment. The working length was established 1 mm from the root apex and the canals were subjected to biomechanical preparation with ProTaper System (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using Sx, S1, S2, F1, F2, F3 at 250 rpm (SA Anthogyr, Sallanches, France), irrigation with 2 ml of 1% NaOCl at each change of instrument and a final rinse with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 3 min. Then, canals were irrigated with distilled water and dried with paper points (Dentsply-Maillefer).
The root canals were filled with Gutta-percha cones and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply-Maillefer), using lateral compaction technique. Root canal was filled with a temporary restorative material (Cavit-G; 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany) and teeth were stored at 37°C for 7 days. The specimens of G2 were not filled with endodontic material.
Gutta-percha was removed with #1 and #2 Largo drills (Dentsply-Maillefer), removing two-thirds of the canal material and leaving a minimum of 4 mm of Gutta-percha at the apex. Root canals were irrigated with distilled water and dried with paper points (Dentsply-Maillefer).
The root canals were filled with Gutta-percha cones and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply-Maillefer), using lateral compaction technique. Root canal was filled with a temporary restorative material (Cavit-G; 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany) and teeth were stored at 37°C for 7 days. The specimens of G2 were not filled with endodontic material.
Gutta-percha was removed with #1 and #2 Largo drills (Dentsply-Maillefer), removing two-thirds of the canal material and leaving a minimum of 4 mm of Gutta-percha at the apex. Root canals were irrigated with distilled water and dried with paper points (Dentsply-Maillefer).
7
Standardized Root Canal Preparation and Irrigation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The crowns were removed at 16 mm to standardize the length of all the canals. A standard access preparation was performed for each tooth. Patency was checked with a #10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) until the tip was visible at the apices. Then, the working length (WL) was established by subtracting 0.5 mm from this measurement. The root canals were prepared up to F3 (0.3 mm, 0.09 taper) with the ProTaper System (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
During instrumentation, the root canals were copiously irrigated with 10 mL 5.25% NaOCl. After instrumentation, the canals were irrigated with 10 mL of 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), followed by 3 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 1 min, followed by a final flush with 10 mL of deionized water. Irrigating solutions were delivered using a 27-gauge side-vented needle (Max-I-Probe; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and sonically activated for 1 min using the Endoactivator system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) with a 25/04 tip. The tip was placed at −2 mm from the WL. Root canals were then dried with paper points. Teeth were randomly divided into 4 equally experimental groups (n = 10) and 2 control groups according to the type of sealer and the obturation techniques.
During instrumentation, the root canals were copiously irrigated with 10 mL 5.25% NaOCl. After instrumentation, the canals were irrigated with 10 mL of 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), followed by 3 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 1 min, followed by a final flush with 10 mL of deionized water. Irrigating solutions were delivered using a 27-gauge side-vented needle (Max-I-Probe; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and sonically activated for 1 min using the Endoactivator system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) with a 25/04 tip. The tip was placed at −2 mm from the WL. Root canals were then dried with paper points. Teeth were randomly divided into 4 equally experimental groups (n = 10) and 2 control groups according to the type of sealer and the obturation techniques.
8
Root Canal Filling Techniques Evaluation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
This study was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (CAAE Registry No.: 15661713.2.0000.5498).
Forty roots of human maxillary central incisors were biomechanically prepared using the ProTaper system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) up to the F5 instrument, which was operated by reducing contra-angle (Dabi Atlante, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil) with continuous rotation (5 Nm torque). The roots were randomly distributed into four groups (n=10) according to the root canal filling technique: lateral condensation, vertical compaction, modified Tagger hybrid and single cone. All specimens were filled with AH Plus (Dentsply Maillefer), 0.1% fluorescein (11) and gutta-percha.
Forty roots of human maxillary central incisors were biomechanically prepared using the ProTaper system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) up to the F5 instrument, which was operated by reducing contra-angle (Dabi Atlante, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil) with continuous rotation (5 Nm torque). The roots were randomly distributed into four groups (n=10) according to the root canal filling technique: lateral condensation, vertical compaction, modified Tagger hybrid and single cone. All specimens were filled with AH Plus (Dentsply Maillefer), 0.1% fluorescein (11) and gutta-percha.
9
Comparative Evaluation of Root Canal Preparation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Freshly extracted 50 central incisors were selected and stored in a physiological serum. All the teeth were free of cracks and had single root canals and mature apices.
The teeth were randomly allocated into 3 experimental groups of 15 teeth each and 2 control groups:
The teeth were randomly allocated into 3 experimental groups of 15 teeth each and 2 control groups:
Group 1: Canals were prepared up to size 20 corresponding to finishing file F1 of the ProTaper system (Dentsply).
Group 2: Canals were prepared up to size 30 corresponding to F3.
Group 3: Canals were prepared up to size 50 corresponding to F5.
Group 4: The positive control group contained 3 roots that were not filled and covered with nail polish except for their apical 2 mm.
Group 5: The negative control group included 2 roots that were not filled, and the entire root surface was coated with nail polish, and canal orifices were sealed with cyanoacrylate glue.
10
Root Canal Instrumentation and Obturation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The root canals of single rooted human teeth (n = 3) were instrumented using an in‐and‐out pecking motion of about 3 mm in amplitude with a light apical pressure to the working length (1 mm short of the apical foramen) with the ProTaper System (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) finishing with a master apical file size of an F3. With the aid of a plastic syringe and capillary tip cannula (Ultradent, South Lake City, USA) abundant irrigation was performed according to the irrigation protocol in Tables 1 and 5 .
The sealers were prepared following the manufacturer’s recommendations, and they dispensed in the root canal using a syringe. Following obturation, the samples were stored in an oven at 37 °C for 7 days. The teeth were then embedded in auto polymerizing epoxy resin (Epoxyfix; Struers GmbH, Ballerup, Denmark), then sectioned longitudinally for SEM/EDS analysis and cross sectioned for CLSM using a hard tissue microtome and polished using an automatic polishing machine as described previously.
The sealers were prepared following the manufacturer’s recommendations, and they dispensed in the root canal using a syringe. Following obturation, the samples were stored in an oven at 37 °C for 7 days. The teeth were then embedded in auto polymerizing epoxy resin (Epoxyfix; Struers GmbH, Ballerup, Denmark), then sectioned longitudinally for SEM/EDS analysis and cross sectioned for CLSM using a hard tissue microtome and polished using an automatic polishing machine as described previously.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!