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4 protocols using ma1 81510

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Rat Brain Tumor Microenvironment

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Coronal cryosections (12 μm) of rat brains were obtained from the center of the anterior-posterior extent of the tumor. Tissues were blocked for 1 h in 2% donkey serum with 0.2% Triton X-100 and labeled overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against GFAP (1:500; C9205, Sigma-Aldrich), ED-1 (1:200; MAB 1435, Millipore, Billerica, MA), RECA-1 (1:200; MA1-81510, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), HIF-1 (1:200; sc-12542, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), CD44 (1:200; ab157107, Abcam), Olig2 (1:100; ab109186, Abcam), CD3 (1:200; ab5690, Abcam), CD8a (1:200; ab33786, Abcam), CD4 (1:200; sc-1573, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, CD49d (1:200; ab22858, Abcam), P2Y12 (1:200; AS-55043, AnaSpec, Fremont, CA) or IBA1 (1:100; ab5076, Abcam). Alexa Fluor 500- or fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibodies were applied, and tissues were coverslipped with ProLong Gold antifade reagent (P36930; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.). Specific labeling was confirmed by omission of primary antibody. Immunolabeled tissues were visualized with epifluorescence microscopy (Nikon Eclipse 90i; Nikon Instruments Inc., Melville, NY).
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2

Endothelial Cell Survival Visualization

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Hoechst/RECA-1 was used to visualize the survival of ECs [39 (link)]. Analysis was facilitated by the use of a fluorescent nuclear dye, Hoechst 33342 (5 μM). Slides were stained with RECA-1 antibody (rat endothelial cell antigen-I, MA1-81510; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) to visualize endothelial cells. RECA-1 was used at a dilution of 150 and was revealed using donkey anti-mouse IgG (H+L) highly cross-adsorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor™ 594 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., 1:500). For quantification of the area of Hoechst+ and RECA-1+ endothelial cells, NIH ImageJ software was utilized. The results were displayed as number of positive cells per micrometer.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in the ACA-MCA Watershed Territory

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Coronal cryosections (12 μm) were blocked for 1 hour in 2% donkey serum and 0.2% TritonX-100. Sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibody against p65 (GTX102090; Genetex, Irvine CA) and double-labeled with primary antibody against rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1) (MA1-81510; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.). Species appropriate Alexa Fluor 555- or fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibodies were used for visualization. Sections were coverslipped with ProLong Gold antifade reagent (P36930; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) containing the nuclear stain, DAPI (4′,6-Diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride). Omission of primary antibody was used as a negative control.
Unbiased measurements of signal intensity within regions of interest (ROIs) were obtained using NIS-Elements AR software (Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY, USA), as described previously [28 (link)]. The area that was evaluated was a rectangle, 360 μm × 440 μm, positioned within the ACA-MCA watershed territory. Specific labeling for p65 within the ROI was defined as pixels with signal intensity >2.0× background. For nuclear translocation of p65, the ROI was defined by DAPI labeling within the same territory.
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4

Antibody Characterization for Neurological Study

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The custom anti-Trpm4 and anti-Sur1 antibodies used for this study have been previously described (15 (link)). The antigenic peptide for Trpm4 was the N-terminal intracellular domain of mouse Trpm4, corresponding to amino acids 1–612 (NP 780339). Anti-Trpm4 antibodies were raised in chicken, and were used at 1:200 dilution. The antigenic peptide for Sur1 was the intra-cellular nucleotide-binding domain 1 of Sur1 (rat Sur1 cDNA amino acids 598 to 965 of NP_037171). Anti-Sur1 antibodies were raised in rabbit and were used at 1:200 dilution. Other primary antibodies included: rabbit anti-cytokeratin 20 (prediluted; Ventana, Tucson, AZ) for colonic epithelial cells; mouse anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (1:500; CY3 conjugated; C-9205; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) for astrocytes; mouse anti-NeuN (1:100; MAB377; Chemicon, Temecula, CA) for neurons; goat anti-CD31 (PECAM-1) (1:200; sc-1506; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) for endothelial cells; goat anti-IgG (1:500; FITC conjugated; NB7477; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO) for immunoglobulin G (IgG); goat anti-TNFα (1:100; sc-1350; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) for tumor necrosis factor α; rabbit anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) (1:200, A0398; Dako, Carpinteria, CA) for neutrophils; and mouse anti-rat endothelial cell antigen (Reca-1) (1:100; MA1-81510; Thermo Fisher, Rockford, IL) for rat endothelium.
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