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9 protocols using rg7112

1

Chemical Inhibitors for MDM4/2 Signaling

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CEP-1347 was purchased from TOCRIS Bioscience (Bristol, UK) and dissolved in DMSO to prepare a 0.5 mM stock solution. RG7112 was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in DMSO to prepare a 5 mM stock solution. Trypan blue solution (T8154) was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). An antibody against murine double minute 4 (MDM4, A700-000-T) was purchased from BETHYL (FORTIS LIFE SCIENCES, Waltham, MA, USA); an antibody against MDM2 (AF1244) was from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA); the antibodies against cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A, p21Waf1/Cip1) (#2947) and GAPDH (#5174) were from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA); and an antibody against p53 (sc-126) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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2

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Anticancer Compounds

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Compounds were purchased from SelleckChem: RG7112 (#S7030), MG132 (#S2619), ABT-263/navitoclax (#S1001), MLN4924 (#S7109), VH298 (#S8449), and Doxorubicin (#S1208) or Sigma (Nutlin-3 #N6287 and Etoposide #E1383). YX-2–23 (RG7112 derivative) and VHL-Amine were synthesized (see Supplementary Methods for details).
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3

Apoptosis-related Protein Expression Analysis

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RG-7112 was purchased from Selleck (Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in DMSO to prepare a 5 mM stock solution. Propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst33342 were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Trypan blue solution (0.4%) was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Antibodies against SOX2 (MAB2018) and MDM2 (AF1244) were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). An antibody against β-actin (A1978) was purchased from Merck KGaA. Antibodies against GAPDH (#5174), cleaved caspase-3 (#9661), cleaved PARP (#9541), survivin (#2808), Noxa (#14766), BID (#2002), Bax (#5023), c-IAP1 (#7065), c-IAP2 (#3130), XIAP (#2045), and Puma (#12450) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against p53 (sc-126), Bcl-2 (sc-7382), and Mcl-1 (sc-20679) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies (Dallas, TX, USA). An antibody against Bcl-XL (10783-1-AP) was purchased from ProteinTech (Rosemont, IL, USA).
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4

Synergistic Effect Evaluation of Inhibitors

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Cells were seeded in appropriate concentration in 6 × 6 wells in 96-well plates. The next day, the media were supplemented with serial dilutions of a single agent or a combination of two inhibitors. Six concentrations of each inhibitor were used. Viability was assayed after 5 days of treatment using the CellTiter-Blue Cell Viability Assay (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). In each experiment, technical triplicates were assessed, and all analyses were performed on three biological replicates. A putative synergistic effect was calculated using the excess over Bliss algorithm.45 (link),46 (link) Foretinib, CX-4945, cabozantinib, INC280 (capmatinib), and RG7112 were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). Trabectedin was a gift from PharmaMar (Madrid, Spain).
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5

Evaluating Anti-Cancer Compounds

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Ruxolitinib, RG-7112, RG-7388, and romidepsin were purchased from Selleckchem. ALRN-6924 was provided by Aileron Therapeutics.
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6

Investigating p53 Signaling in Tumor Immunity

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All mouse experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Rutgers University. WT p53 (p53+/+, Cata#: 000664), p53-deficient (p53−/−, Cata#: 002101), CD45.1 (Cata#: 002014) and ApcMin/+ (Cata#: 002020) mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory. IL12-p40-IRES-eYFP mice were a kind gift from Dr. Timothy E. O’Sullivan at UCLA. Mice were housed under a 12-h light/dark cycle with 6 am light on and 6 pm light off. The temperature was maintained between 70° and 74 °F and the humidity was between 30 and 70%. Age- and gender-matched mice at 8–12 weeks old were used for experiments in this study. Animals were randomly assigned to different treatment groups. Sample sizes were chosen based on the power calculation. For TBI treatment, mice were subjected to 12 Gy TBI using a Cs-137 γ-source irradiator at a dose rate of 90 cGy/min. rLIF (Cata#: ESG1107, Millipore), aIL12-p40 antibody (Cata#: 505309, Biolegend), aCD3 antibody (Cata#: BE0001-1, Bio X Cell), IgG (Cata#: BE0091, Bio X Cell), and RG7112 (Cata#: S7030, Selleck Chemicals) were used for mouse treatments. The investigators were blinded to the group allocation during experiments and when assessing outcomes.
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7

Glucose-Induced Endothelial Cell Responses

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HDMECs were incubated with 10 µM of following inhibitors for one hour prior to glucose treatment: Nutlin-3 (cat. no. N6287-5MG; Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada), or MX69 (cat. no. S8403; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA), or RG7112 (cat. no. S7030; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA). Cells were subsequently treated with 5- or 30-mM glucose for 6 h and 24 h before cell harvesting.
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8

Combination Screening of Small-Molecule Inhibitors

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Cells were seeded in appropriate concentrations in 6 by 6 wells into 96-well plates. The next day, the media in half of the wells was supplemented with 50 ng/ml doxycycline for the 1st round of screening and 10 ng/ml doxycycline for the 2nd round. Next day serial dilutions of inhibitors were added in all the wells. Viability was accessed after 5 days of compound treatment using CellTiter-Blue cell viability assay (Promega, Madison, Wisconsin, USA).
A putative synergistic effect was calculated using Excess-over-Bliss algorithm [47 (link),48 (link)].
Everolimus, Foretinib, KU0063794, Ribociclib, Silmitasertib, Sotrastaurin and RG7112 were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, Texas, USA), Navitoclax, MIK665 and S63845 from MedChem Express (Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, USA), Nutlin-3 from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA) and Venetoclax from Torcis Bioscience (Abingdon, UK) The targets of the inhibitors are listed in Table 1.
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9

Apoptosis Detection in Treated Cells

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Isolated cells were expanded to Passage 1 (P1) in monolayer cultures. P1 cells were then seeded at 20,000 or 10,000 cells per well in eight-well chamber slides (Nunc Lab-Tek II Chamber Slide System) and 96- well flat clear bottom black microplates (Corning, NY) respectively. Cells were serum-starved in DMEM with ITS (1X) (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA) for 2 hr prior to treatment with 5 μM RG-7112 (Selleck Chemicals, TX), 100 μM o-Vanillin (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada) or vehicle (DMSO (0.01%, (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada) for 6 hr. Immunocytochemistry was performed as previously described (Cherif et al., 2019 (link)). Apoptosis was detected using a commercial kit (ab176749, Abcam, Cambridge, MA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Photomicrographs were acquired with a fluorescent Olympus BX51 microscope equipped with an Olympus DP71 digital camera (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
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