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5 protocols using acid red 1

1

Graphene Oxide-Based Dye Adsorption

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Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O, ≥99%), ammonium hydroxide (NH3 H2O, 28–30%), vitamin C or l-ascorbic acid (AsA) (≥99.0%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; MW 10 000), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 35 wt%) and Acid Red 1 (AR1, dye content, 60%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received without further purification. The dye with the formula C18H13N3Na2O8S2 has an MW of 509.42 and its chemical structure is presented in Fig. 1.
Graphene oxide (GO) aqueous dispersion, 4 mg mL−1 (>90%, monolayer) in the pH range of 2.2–2.5 was purchased from Graphenea. Elemental analysis showed that GO contained 49–56% carbon and 41–50% oxygen. De-ionized water was used for the preparation of all aqueous solutions.
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2

Salvianolic Acids and Endothelial Cell Function

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Dulbecco’s modified eagles medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) for cell culture were purchased from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Salvianolic acid A, Salvianolic acid B, Salvianolic acid C, Salvianolic acid D, and Salvianolic acid were purchased from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China) with purities greater than 98%. Hygromycin B, ET-1, Angiotensin II, Adenosine, TRAP-6, probenecid, and acid red 1 (purity ≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bosentan hydrate was purchased from Yuanye (Shanghai, China). Fluo-4 AM was purchased from Molecular Probes (Grand Island, NY, USA). Matrigel was purchased from Becton Dickinson (New York, NY, USA). All the chemicals were dissolved in DMSO if not otherwise stated.
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3

Dye-based Nanomaterial Characterization

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Evans Blue, Acid Red 1, Acid Yellow 25, Acid Green 25, Amberlite®-410, Amberlite®-900, humic acid (HA), and NaOH were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Yongin, Korea). The dye Cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5) and dextran gel desalting column (PD-10) were supplied by GE Healthcare. Chitosan-coated Fe3O4 nanomaterials and dextran sulfate-coated Fe3O4 nanomaterials were purchased from Chemicell (Berlin, Germany). All reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Concentrations of dye solutions were measured using a UV-vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-1800, Kyoto, Japan).
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Synthesis and Characterization of MoS2 Nanoparticles

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All
chemicals and reagents
used for nanoparticle synthesis, characterization, and analytical
studies were of scientific grade and used as received with no modification.
The support filter used for membrane fabrications was a 0.1 μm
Durapore filter from Merck. Sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4) (purity ≥ 99%), l-cysteine (purity
= 97%), and 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) from Sigma Aldrich were used
in synthesizing the MoS2 nanoparticles. The chemicals used
for the analytical studies were bovine serum albumin (BSA) (lyophilized
powder with purity ≥ 96% with a molecular weight of 66 000
g/mol) from Sigma Life Science and Acid Red 1 (with 60% dye content
and a molecular weight of 509.42 g/mol) from Sigma Aldrich.
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5

Fabrication of CPI-410S-Based Photonic Devices

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CPI-410S was supplied by San-Apro Ltd. and used without further purification. The structure of CPI-410S is shown in the Supporting Information, Fig. S1. OTS and Acid Red 1 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich-Merck Co. Dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, n-hexane, and ethanol were purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd. and used without further purification. Water was purified by reverse osmosis and deionization prior to use (Merck Millipore, Milli-Q Integral 3). Cellulose chromato graphy papers (Advantec Co., Ltd.) were immersed in 0.1% (v/v) OTS n-hexane solution for 5 min at room temperature. The papers removed from the OTS solution were rinsed with n-hexane and ethanol and dried in air. Subsequently, the OTStreated papers were immersed in chloroform and 5% (w/w) CPI-410S DMSO solution for 1 and 2 min, respectively. A diode laser (405 nm, 300 mW, Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., MDL-III-405-300) and a xenon lamp (150 W, Hamamatsu photonics K.K., L2274) were used as an excitation light source for CPI-410S. A Galvo mirror system (Thorlabs, Inc., GVS002) was used to scan the laser beam.
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