Sodium pyruvate

All strains and primers used in this study are listed in Table S2A and S2B, respectively. Candida strains were cultured routinely at 30°C in either YPD media (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 2% dextrose) or YPG media (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 2% glycerol). Medium plates were supplemented with 2% agar. Drug stock solutions were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent for BE (6.4 mg/mL) (Aladdin) for the spotting assay and SPR analysis and for TAMRA-N3 (5.123 mg/mL) (synthesized in this study) and biotin-N3 (3.123 mg/mL) (synthesized in this study) for competition experiments; using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a solvent for FLC (1.0 mg/mL) and BE (1.0 mg/mL) for Galleria mellonella virulence assays; using 80% DMSO-20% Tween 80 as a solvent for BE (6.4 mg/mL) for competition experiments and microscale thermophoresis (MST) analysis and label-BE (2.728 mg/mL) (synthesized in this study) for competition experiments; and using sterilized double distilled water as a solvent for PLG (1.0 mg/mL) (Sigma-Aldrich), 3-PG (128 mg/mL) (Shyuanye, China), and sodium pyruvate (128 mg/mL) (Sangon Biotech, China). Once in solution, drugs were stored at −40°C.

Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman was cultured at 37°C in yeast extract-Casamino Acids-pyruvate (YCP) medium [3% (w/v) yeast extract (Oxoid), 2% (w/v) Casamino Acids (Amresco, Washington, DC, United States), 2% (w/v) sodium pyruvate (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), 0.25% (w/v) Na₂HPO₄, and 0.042% (w/v) KH₂PO₄, pH 7.0)], which is able to promote the highest expression of LukED (Alonzo and Torres, 2014 (link)).