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Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Manufactured by Avanti Polar Lipids
Sourced in United States

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is a synthetic phospholipid commonly used in laboratory research. It is a major component of lung surfactant and is known for its ability to form stable lipid bilayers. DPPC is a versatile tool for studying membrane properties and functions.

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31 protocols using dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

1

Lipid Procurement for Biophysical Studies

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Dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine (PAPC), pamitoyl-docosahexaenoyl-phosphatidylcholine (PDPC), palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (PAPE), palmitoyl-docosahexaenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (PDPE), stearoyl-docosahexaenoyl-phosphatidic acid (SDPA), egg phosphatidic acid (PA), and egg phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, Alabama) (S1 Table).
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2

Lipid-based Contrast Agent Preparation

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Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MPPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol) 2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) were bought from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Mag (gadopentate dimeglumine) was bought from Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Wayne, NJ). All solvents used were of analytical grade.
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3

Lipid-based Nanoparticle Characterization Protocol

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Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine-polyethylene glycol–maleimide (DSPE-PEG3400-mal), and ethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG3400) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. tLyP-1 was obtained from Chinapeptide. Perfluoropentane (PFP) was purchased from Elf Atochem. Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) cell culture medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (USA). 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidinedihydrochloride (DAPI) was bought from Beyotime Technology. Agarose was purchased from Invitrogen (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Calcein AM and propidium iodide (PI) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay were obtained from Dojindo (Japan). All the chemical reagents in this study were analytical grade and used without any purification.
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4

Lipid-based Nanoparticle Synthesis

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All reagents used in this study were of analytical grade. Deionized water was prepared using an Elix water purification system (Millipore Co. Ltd, Molsheim, France). Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride salt (TAP) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate sodium salt (PA) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Yokohama, Japan). Acetone, chloroform, toluene, sodium sulphate anhydrous, sodium borohydride, rhodamine B, sodium tetrachloroaurate(III) dihydrate, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and tetraoctylammonium bromide were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Ethanol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, aqueous ammonia and 30% hydrogen peroxide were obtained from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Polystyrene beads (diameter, 1.0 µm) were purchased from Funakoshi (Tokyo, Japan).
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5

Lipid-based Nanoparticle Formulation

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Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC),1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MPPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol) 2000 (DSPE—PEG2000) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospoethanolamine-N-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (gadolinium salt) Gd-DSPE were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Gadopentate dimeglumine (Magnevist®) was purchased from Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Wayne, NJ). MiaPaCa-2 cell line was bought from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA). All solvents used were of analytical grade.
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6

Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticle Characterization

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PHA, a heteropolymer of poly(hydroxioctanoate-co-hexanoate) (Figure 1), was provided by Bioplastech, Ltd. (Dublin, Ireland). Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG) (Figure 1), and the fluorescent lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-{6-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl}-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-PC) were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). The organic solvents, chloroform, and methanol used to dissolve lipids, as well as acetone, which was used to dissolve PHA were HPLC-grade (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
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7

Lipid-based Contrast Agent Preparation

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Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MPPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol) 2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) were bought from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Mag (gadopentate dimeglumine) was bought from Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Wayne, NJ). All solvents used were of analytical grade.
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8

Lipid Monolayer Characterization in Saline

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Dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), the lipophilic uorescent probe L,a- phosphatidylethanolamine-N-lissamine rhodamine B sulfonylammonium salt and chicken egg-transphosphatidylated (RhhoPEegg) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids. DiIC18 (1,1 0 -dioctadecyl-3,3,3 0 ,3 0 -tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) was purchased from Molecular Probes and dihydrocholesterol (dchol, a less hydrolyzable cholesterol analog 22 ) was obtained from Sigma. 1-Palmitoyl-2-lauroyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine was a generous gi from Dr Bruno Maggio.
Solvents and chemicals were of the highest commercial purity available. The water used for the subphase was from a Milli-Q system (Millipore), 18 MU cm and lipid monolayers were prepared and characterized on subphases of 0.15 M NaCl at 21 AE 1 C.
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9

Paclitaxel-Loaded Nanoparticle Formulation

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Fetal bovine serum, RPMI1640 medium, and trypsin were purchased from HyClone (Logan Utah, USA). Dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid, dipalmityl phosphatidylglycerol, and dipalmitoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine were purchased from CordenPharma (Corden Pharma, Liestal, Switzerland). Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). The crosslinking product between 1,2-distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine and polyethylene glycol conjugate-2000 was purchased from NANOCS (Boston, MA, USA). 1,1ʹ-dioctadecyl-3,3,3ʹ,3ʹ-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), CCK-8 reagents and a TUNEL kit were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Paclitaxel (PTX), carbodiimide (EDC), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). AMD070 was purchased from Absin Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Rabbit anti-human CXCR4 monoclonal antibody, rat anti-mouse CD31 monoclonal antibody, FITC-labeled rabbit anti-rat secondary antibody, and Alexa Fluor 488-labeled goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody were purchased from Abcam (Cambs, UK). An Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit FITC kit was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). BALB/c-nu female nude mice were purchased from Huafukang Bioscience Co., Inc. (Beijing, China).
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10

Peptide and Lipid Synthesis for Biomembrane Studies

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ΔM4 (NFFKRIRRAWKRIWKWIYSA, Lot. b88771380001/PE2074) and LTX-315 (KKWWKKWDipK–NH2, Lot. 91799130007/PE4961) were purchased through a custom peptide synthesis service from GenScript (Piscataway Township, NJ, USA). The solvent removal was performed, the peptide purity was determined by analytical HPLC (higher than 95%), and the molecular weight was confirmed with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC, Lot. 160PC-318), sphingomyelin egg chicken (SM, Lot. 860061P-25MG-A-116), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE, Lot. 160PE-106), dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine sodium salt (DPPS, Lot. 840037P-500MG-A-078CL750332P-200MG-A-030), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC, Lot. 850457P-500MG-A-211), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE, Lot. 850757P-500MG-B-151), and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylserine sodium salt (POPS, Lot. 840034P-25MG-A-250) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). HEPES, NaCl, and EDTA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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