Hexaammineruthenium 3 chloride ru nh3 6cl3

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), CHCl₃, CH₃OH, NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]), ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH), cysteine (L-Cys), glycine (Gly), bovine serum albumin (BSA), glucose (Glu), ascorbic acid (AA) and lactose were purchased from Aladdin Chemistry (China). Cholesterol, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-ditetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] sodium salt (DMPG), nisin, potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]), potassium ferrocyanide (K₄[Fe(CN)₆]) and potassium chloride (KCl) were obtained from Macklin (China). Hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride (Ru(NH₃)₆Cl₃) and Tris(2,2-bipyridine)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6H₂O) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (USA). Milk and egg white were obtained from the local supermarket (Hangzhou, China). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) was used throughout the work to prepare the aqueous solutions. ITO electrodes (ITO coated glasses, <17 Ω/square, thickness: 100 ± 20 nm) were obtained from Zhuhai Kaivo Optoelectronic Technology (China). Before use, The ITO electrodes were firstly cleaned using NaOH solution (1 M) and then sonicated in acetone, ethanol, and ultrapure water, respectively.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and mouse anti-human PSA monoclonal antibody (Ab) were purchased from Beijing KEY-BIO Biotech Co., Ltd. (China). Tris(2,2-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂·6H₂O) and hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride (Ru(NH₃)₆Cl₃) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (United States). Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]), bovine serum albumin (BSA), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane, and NaOH were obtained from Aladdin (China). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M, pH 7.4) was prepared by mixing NaH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄ in a certain ratio. Human blood serum (healthy man) for real sample analysis was provided by Hangzhou Institute of Occupational Diseases (Hangzhou, China). ITO glass (<17Ω/square, thickness: 100 ± 20 nm) was obtained from Zhuhai Kaivo Optoelectronic Technology (China). To obtain a clean and negatively charged surface, the ITO glass was cleaned by NaOH solution (1 M) and then ultrasonically treated in acetone, ethanol, and deionized water. All other chemicals were of analytical grade. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) was used throughout the study.

Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), potassium ferricyanide (K₃ [Fe(CN)₆]), potassium ferrocyanide (K₄ [Fe(CN)₆]), sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (NaH₂PO₄.2H₂O), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), amylum, humic acid (HA), sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate (Na₂HPO₄.12H₂O), and catechol (CC) were purchased from Aladdin. Bisphenol A (BPA), hydroquinone (HQ), bisphenol S (BPS), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) were purchased from Macklin. Hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride (Ru(NH₃)₆Cl₃) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Ethanol was obtained from Hangzhou Shuanglin Chemical reagent. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) were purchased from the Hangzhou Gaojing Fine Chemical Industry. Environmental water samples were obtained from the lake of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (Hangzhou, China). Soil leaching solution (SLS) was obtained by leaching the soil (1 g from lawn of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University) in 100 ml ultrapure water. All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) was used to prepare all aqueous solutions throughout this work.