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3 protocols using sn glycerol 3 phosphate

1

Reconstitution of Lipid Biosynthesis Pathways

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1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (POPG), 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (14:0 Lyso PA), 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (16:0 Lyso PA), 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (18:0 Lyso PA), 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (18:1 Lyso PA), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DPPA), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (POPA), and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DOPA) were purchased from Avanti Polar lipids. Fatty acid LC/MS mixture (#17942) was purchased from Funakoshi (Japan). 13C-Acetyl-CoA, 13C-Malonyl-CoA, Acetyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, NADH, NADPH, and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. PUREfrex 2.0 and its Sol.I buffer, which was customized for the volume down, and DnaKJE mix were given or purchased from GeneFrontier (Japan).
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2

Mitochondrial Function Assays

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Lipopolysaccharide, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), CpG ODN were purchased from Invivogen. 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA), succinate, succinate hexahydrate, glutamate, malate disodium-salt, fumarate, dimethyl-fumarate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl malonate (DM), itaconic acid, thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), carbonilcyanide p-triflouromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), CCCP, oligomycin, rotenone, antimycin A, ubiquinone, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, oxidized cytochrome c, adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and digitonin were all from Sigma. Luciferin and luciferase were from Promega and Roche, respectively.
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3

Dehydrogenase Activity Assay in Bacterial Cells

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Cells were grown in M63 glucose minimal medium to OD600 ~1.0. Cells were pelleted and washed with M63 glycerol medium, pH 7.0 or pH 5.5. Cells were then resuspended in same volume of the same medium and grown at 37˚C for 3 h. Cells (500 µl) were pelleted and resuspended in 500 µl of lysis buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl , 10 mM NaCl and 0.4% Triton X100).
Cells were lysed by adding 0.6 g of glass beads and vortexing 30 s followed by 30 s incubation on ice, repeated 5X. The cells were then centrifuged at 20,000 × g for 2 min at 4˚C, and the lysate was used to measure the dehydrogenase activity. A method monitoring MTT reduction to quantitate the dehydrogenase activity of GlpD (Yeh et al., 2008) was modified as follows. Each 225 µl microcuvette contained the following: 25 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM MTT (Sigma Aldrich), 3 mM phenazine methosulfate (PMS, Sigma Aldrich) and 100 µl of lysate. This was used as the blank, and the reaction was initiated by the addition of 3.7 mM snglycerol-3-phosphate (Sigma Aldrich). The reduction of MTT at 570 nm was continuously monitored on a BMG LABTECH plate reader for 118 min at room temperature.
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