Human serum albumin (HSA) (96–99%, fraction V) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (96%, fraction V) were purchased from GIBCO Co. (Shanghai, China). 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, soluble starch and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). Isorhamnetin (>98.0%), Apigenin (>98.0%), Naringenin (>98.0%), Kaempferol (>98.0%), Quercetin (>98.0%), Taxifolin (>98.0%), Luteolin (>96.0%), Isoquercitrin (>98.0%), Hyperoside (>98.0%), Astragalin (>98.0%), and Rutin (>98.0%) were purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co. (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm resistivity) was obtained from an ELGA water purification system (ELGA Berkefeld, Veolia, Germany). All of other chemicals were analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
Astragalin
Manufactured by Yuanye Bio-Technology
Sourced in China
Astragalin is a laboratory compound that can be used for scientific research purposes. It is a flavonoid glycoside that is found in various plant species. Astragalin has been studied for its potential biological activities, but its core function is not being interpreted or extrapolated in this description.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Isoquercitrin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (3 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (3 mentions)
Rutin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (3 mentions)
Quercetin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (3 mentions)
Hyperoside, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Isorhamnetin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Naringenin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl dpph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Luteolin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Apigenin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Taxifolin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Udp glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercitrin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Cholic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Glycocholic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Taurocholic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Simvastatin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
6 protocols using astragalin
1
Antioxidant Compounds Characterization
2
Astragalin, CGA, and NF-κB Inhibitor Effects
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The astragalin and CGA (Yuanye, Shanghai, China) were dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted with DMEM/F12 (astragalin was diluted to 400, 200, 100 50, 25, and 12.5 μg/ml, and CGA was diluted to 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/ml), respectively. BAY 11-7085 (MCE, USA), the inhibitor of NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of IκBα, was also dissolved with DMSO and diluted with DMEM/F12 to 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.125 μM. SEECs were seeded in 96-well culture plates at a density of 5 × 104 cells per well and cultured for 24 h. Cells were then exposed to a series of concentrations of astragalin, GA, and BAY at 37°C for 24 h. A 10-μl CCK-8 reagent was added and incubated at 37°C for 1.5 h. The OD was measured at 450 nm.
3
Extraction and Analysis of Medicinal Plant Compounds
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A. chinensis leaves, flowers, and seeds were obtained from the Institute of Medicinal Plants of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China), then immediately washed, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C for later use. Some leaves and flowers were naturally dried to produce an herbal tea. Green tea made in spring of 2021 was purchased in the market.
The pMAL-c2x expression vector was preserved by the Biotechnology Center of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (Beijing, China). UDP-glucose was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chemicals were either analytically pure or high-performance liquid chromatography grade.
The pMAL-c2x expression vector was preserved by the Biotechnology Center of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (Beijing, China). UDP-glucose was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chemicals were either analytically pure or high-performance liquid chromatography grade.
4
Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Assays
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Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, Na 2 CO 3 , formic acid, Al(NO 3 ) 3 , NaNO 2 , HCl, H 2 SO 4 , methanol, ethanol, and Trolox were obtained from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Works (Chengdu, China). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, >99.7%), 2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+, >99.7%), Oil red O (ORO), p-ntrophenyl laurate (pNP laurate), and chromatographic-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from American Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard compounds, including rutin, afzelin, astragalin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, (+)-catechin, procyanidin B2, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose, simvastatin, orlistat, glycocholic acid, cholic acid, taurocholic acid, porcine pancreatic lipase, and tris-HCl buffer solution, were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Standard compounds, including procyanidin B1, procyanidin B4, and procyanidin C1, were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China).
5
Comprehensive Chemical Profiling of YGYSG
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The production of YGYSG was undertaken in The First Clinical Medical College at Anhui University of Chinese Medicine. A Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was employed to acquire deionized water. For mass spectrometry analysis, formic acid of LC-MS grade was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol were LC-MS grade and obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Overall, 27 chemical standards, including chikusetsusaponin IVa, chikusetsusaponin IV, ginsenoside Ro, 25R-inokosterone, β-ecdysone, acacetin, cymaroside, quercetin, gallic acid, oleanolic acid, hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, astragalin, kaempferol, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, rosmarinic acid, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, salvianolic acid B, astragaloside IV, formononetin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, calycosin, formononetin, scopoletin, ferulic acid, rutin, and narcissoside, were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and their purity levels exceeded 98% as determined through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Figure 2 displays the chemical configurations of each reference standard.
6
Evaluation of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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The α-Glucosidase (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG ， ≥99%), acarbose (≥95%), ellagic acid (≥98%), gallic acid (≥98%), protocatehuic acid (≥98%), methyl gallate (≥98%), gallic acid ethyl ester (≥98%), kaempferol-3-Orobinobioside (≥98%) and astragalin (≥98%) reference substances were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) . Chromatography grade formic acid (≥98%) and caffeic acid (≥98%) reference substance were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) . Corilagin (≥98%), geraniin (≥98%) and rutin (≥98%) reference substances were obtained from Chengdu Push Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China) . Isoquercitrin (≥98%) reference substance was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) .
Chromatography grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The ultrapure water was purified by Milli-Q 700 ultrapure water system (Merck Millipore, Germany).
Chromatography grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The ultrapure water was purified by Milli-Q 700 ultrapure water system (Merck Millipore, Germany).
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