Folin-Ciocalteau’s phenol reagent (FCR), 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, gallic acid, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s -triazine (TPTZ), β-carotene, linoleic acid, Tween 40, HPLC standards, including caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, orientin (luteolin 8-C-β-d -glucoside), isoorientin (luteolin 6-C-β-d -glucoside), vitexin (apigenin 8-C-glucoside), isovitexin (apigenin 6-C-glucoside), vicenin-2 (apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-d -glucoside), and schaftoside (apigenin 8-C-α-l -arabinoside 6-C-β-d -glucoside) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium persulfate, ferrous chloride, and the solvents were provided by Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland).
Vicenin 2
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Vicenin-2 is a laboratory product offered by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used in various research and analytical applications. Vicenin-2 is typically utilized as a reference standard or for method development purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Vitexin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Trypsin edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Isovitexin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Orientin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Isoorientin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Schaftoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferrous chloride, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isorhoifolin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethylformamide dmf, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formononetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Daidzein, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Velos pro dual pressure linear ion trap mass spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
5 protocols using vicenin 2
1
Antioxidant Activity Assessment Protocol
2
HPLC Analysis of Flavonoid Compounds
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HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol, as well as vicenin-2, vitexin, isovitexin, roipholin, isorhoifolin, and apigenin, were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while dimethylformamide (DMF) was supplied by Carlo Erba (Milano, Italy). All the other reagents and chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, Sternheim, Germany).
3
Fenugreek Compound Profiling by LC-PDA-MS
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The fenugreek sprout and seed extracts were analysed at 50 mg/mL in duplicate using a Thermo Fisher Velos Pro LC-PDA_MS. Samples (5 μL) were injected directly onto a Phenomenex Luna C-18 (2) column (150 mm, 3 mm i.d., 3 μm particle size) at 400 μL/min and eluted using a linear gradient of 90:0:10 (t = 0 min) to 0:90:10 (t = 20–25 min), returning to 90:0:10 (t = 27–30 min). The solvents were water, MeOH, and 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, respectively. The column was maintained at 30 °C. Compounds were detected with a Thermo Fisher Velos Pro Dual-Pressure Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Samples were scanned using the ITMS from m/z 200 to 600, and the UV peak areas were quantified against the calibration curves of the reference standards (apigenin, vicenin-2, vitexin, luteolin, orientin, formononetin, and daidzein; Sigma), which were analysed in duplicate over a concentration range of 0.32–2000 µg/mL using the same LC–PDA-MS method.
4
Western Blot Analysis of GSK-3β and Cyclin D1
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Vicenin-2, β-actin antibody, and DMEM were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA. Polyvinylidine difluoride (PVDF) membrane was obtained from Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin-EDTA, antibiotics–antimycotics and PBS were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. Primary antibodies against phosphorylated (inactive) GSK-3β, cyclin D1, and non-p-β-catenin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX, USA) and Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). The secondary antibodies, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG and rabbit anti-mouse IgG were purchased from Dako Denmark A/S, Glostrup, Denmark. Enhanced chemiluminescence kit was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All the chemicals used in this study were of highest quality and analytical grade.
5
Extraction and Characterization of Carotenoids
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HPLC-grade solvents methanol (MeOH), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and acetonitrile (ACN) were acquired from Merck (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) . The other extraction solvents were all of the analytical grades from Scharlab (Scharlab S.L., Barcelona, Spain). Water was purified by a NANOpure Dlamond™ system (Barnsted Inc., Dubuque, IO). Pepsin (porcine gastric mucosa), pancreatin (porcine pancreas), bile salt and other reagents used in the in vitro digestion procedures were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Flavonoids' standards (purity >98%) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Extrasynthese S. A., Lyon, France). β-carotene (≥95.0% purity), β-cryptoxanthin (≥97% purity), lutein (≥96.0% purity), violaxanthin (≥95.0% purity), zeaxanthin (≥95.0% purity), ascorbic acid (L-AAH, 99% purity), vicenin 2 (98% purity) formic acid (FA) and LC-MS ammonium formate were from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Other carotenoid standards were either isolated from appropriate sources following standard procedures as explained elsewhere (Mapelli-Brahm et al., 2017)
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