Phoenix system

Manufactured by BD

Sourced in United States, France, Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom

The Phoenix system is a laboratory equipment designed for automated sample processing. It handles tasks such as aliquoting, serial dilutions, and plate filling. The system is programmed to perform these functions with precision and efficiency, reducing manual labor and improving workflow in laboratory settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

Etest, by bioMérieux (7 mentions) Bactec 9240 system, by BD (6 mentions) Bactec fx system, by BD (6 mentions) Microscan walkaway, by Siemens (5 mentions) Vitek 2 system, by bioMérieux (4 mentions) Maldi tof ms, by Bruker (4 mentions) Microflex, by Bruker (2 mentions) Vitek ms, by bioMérieux (2 mentions) Api 20ne, by bioMérieux (2 mentions) Microscan plus, by Beckman Coulter (2 mentions) Sheep blood agar, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Xld agar, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Macconkey agar plate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Maldi tof ms technique, by Bruker (1 mentions) Brain heart infusion bhi, by BD (1 mentions) Glycerol, by Avantor (1 mentions) Maldi tof mass spectrometry, by Bruker (1 mentions) Phoenix m50 instrument, by BD (1 mentions) Vitek 2 compact, by bioMérieux (1 mentions) Staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System (54 citations) Phoenix automated system (25 citations) BD Phoenix M50 system (14 citations) Phoenix-100 ID/AST System (2 citations) Phoenix System-100 BD Automated Microbiology system (2 citations) Phoenix Automatic Microbiology System (2 citations) BD Phoenix 100 Microbiology System (2 citations) BD Phoenix system NMIC-207 panel (2 citations) BD Phoenix susceptibility testing system (2 citations) Phoenix system TM 100 (2 citations)

60 protocols using phoenix system

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Proteus spp. Isolates

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Proteus spp. strains were isolated from patients of the Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No 1 in Bydgoszcz, Poland. The examination included only strains obtained from urine samples collected using bladder catheters. Strains were identified during microbiological investigation at the Department of Microbiology.
The susceptibility of Proteus spp. strains was examined using BD Phoenix™ system (Becton Dickinson) and interpreted according to EUCAST recommendation [35 ]. Four randomly chosen clinical strain (named S1−S4), susceptible to the examined antimicrobials and one reference strain (R) purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC^® 29906™) were included into the study (Table 3). Strains identification was confirmed using MALDI-TOF MS technique (Microflex, Bruker). Investigation strains were stored in a Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI, Becton Dickinson) with 20.0% glycerol (Avantor) at −70 °C.

Kwiecińska-Piróg J., Skowron K., Bogiel T., Białucha A., Przekwas J, & Gospodarek-Komkowska E. (2019). Vitamin C in the Presence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones Alters Proteus mirabilis Biofilm Inhibitory Rate. Antibiotics, 8(3), 116.

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Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Bacteremia Study

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The following clinical information was collected for each patient: demographic characteristics, VAP diagnosis, reasons for mechanical ventilation, laboratory data, and chest radiograph reports. Bacteremic VAP was diagnosed when blood and respiratory samples yielded the same microorganism and other sources of infection that could account for the bacteremia were absent. Furthermore, blood and respiratory cultures were performed within 48 h.
Outcome was defined as in-hospital mortality measured 30 days after the onset of VAP. Trauma was defined as the presence of injury in more than one body area or system or the presence of major cranial trauma alone. Chronic lung diseases included bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The initial laboratory value was defined as that measured within 48 h of the onset of VAP.
The BD Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson, USA) was used to confirm bacterial identification. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested with the disk diffusion method, and interpretations were made according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [22 ]. All of the K. pneumoniae isolates were screened and confirmed by a double-disk synergy test for produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL).

Guo S., Xu J., Wei Y., Xu J., Li Y, & Xue R. (2016). Clinical and molecular characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae ventilator-associated pneumonia in mainland China. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16, 608.

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Standard Urine Culture and AST Protocol

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Clinical microbiology reference methods, which provide a reference ground truth for the LVM-AST results, were performed by the Mayo Clinic Arizona Microbiology Laboratory. Each urine sample was collected from a symptomatic patient at the Mayo Clinic, which was inoculated onto at least two different standard media, incubated for 18-24 h, and assessed for growth, quantity, and morphology of bacterial cells. If a particular species exceeded 10⁵ CFU/mL, then it was sub-cultured to ensure purity. Bacterial identification was primarily determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA). The culturing and identification processes usually require 48-72 h from sample receipt to result reporting. Susceptibility testing in the Mayo Clinic Arizona Laboratory was performed using the automated BD Phoenix™ system (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ), according to manufacturer’s instructions. The system uses broth microdilution to assess bacterial growth in the presence of different antibiotics and antibiotic concentrations and reports a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Mo M., Yang Y., Zhang F., Jing W., Iriya R., Popovich J., Wang S., Grys T., Haydel S.E, & Tao N. (2019). Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Patient Urine Samples using Large Volume Free-Solution Light Scattering Microscopy. Analytical chemistry, 91(15), 10164-10171.

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Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis in Pediatrics

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The study included 11 LRSE clinical isolates recovered between 2015 and 2017 from the UCH in Krakow from 10 pediatric patients aged from 23 days to 11 months. Nine isolates were recovered from blood (including two isolates from the same patient), one from a throat and one from a central venous catheter. All isolates were recovered after at least 48 h after admission to the unit. Linezolid resistance was detected in the hospital laboratory based on disc-diffusion method (linezolid (30 μg)). The preliminary identification of isolates was performed with BD Phoenix™ system (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).

Kosecka-Strojek M., Sadowy E., Gawryszewska I., Klepacka J., Tomasik T., Michalik M., Hryniewicz W, & Miedzobrodzki J. (2020). Emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in the tertiary children’s hospital in Cracow, Poland. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 39(9), 1717-1725.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of E. coli Isolates

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The Kp VA585-22 isolate, E. coli K12-Gm^R and two E. coli K12 transconjugant clones (Gm^R-Mem^R) were studied by epsilometry (E-test, Biomerieux) and broth microdilution using BD Phoenix™ System (Becton Dickinson, USA), according to M100 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 33rd edition [33 ].

Gálvez-Silva M., Arros P., Berríos-Pastén C., Villamil A., Rodas P.I., Araya I., Iglesias R., Araya P., Hormazábal J.C., Bohle C., Chen Y., Gan Y.H., Chávez F.P., Lagos R, & Marcoleta A.E. (2024). Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent ST23 Klebsiella pneumoniae with a highly transmissible dual-carbapenemase plasmid in Chile. Biological Research, 57, 7.

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Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Listeria spp.

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For the phenotypic characterization, the isolates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 ± 2 h on blood agar (Oxoid Deutschland GmbH). For the AMR testing, the BD Phoenix System (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) with the PMIC/ID 88 panel was used, according to the manufacturer’s guidance for Gram-positive bacteria. The phenotypic resistance of 22 Listeria spp. isolates against benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, tetracycline, fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin was tested according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The EUCAST breakpoints for L. monocytogenes were used for erythromycin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole [39 ], whereas, for the other tested antibiotics (i.e., benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin), the EUCAST Staphylococcus spp. breakpoints were applied as a substitute, as described in previous studies [40 (link),41 (link)].

Wartha S., Bretschneider N., Dangel A., Hobmaier B., Hörmansdorfer S., Huber I., Murr L., Pavlovic M., Sprenger A., Wenning M., Alter T, & Messelhäußer U. (2023). Genetic Characterization of Listeria from Food of Non-Animal Origin Products and from Producing and Processing Companies in Bavaria, Germany. Foods, 12(6), 1120.

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ESBL detection and antimicrobial susceptibility

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The microbiology laboratory of each center provided patient records. To obtain patient addresses at the townland level, each patient record was reviewed. ESBL detection was done by automated method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic confirmation of ESBL were performed according Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. In the SJUH Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux SA) was used. In LCCL the BD Phoenix system (Becton and Dickinson) was used until 2015, from 2015 onwards the Vitek 2 system was used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) profile was used as a screening test for ESBL. Screen positive isolates (MIC of cefotaxime or ceftazidime of ≥1 mg/L, an ESBL or inducible cephalosporinase warning by the automated system) were subjected to confirmation tests using double disc synergy method for ESBL. All isolates showed sensitivity to carbapenems according to the cutoff points for each year by the CLSI.

Arias Ramos D., Hoyos Pulgarín J.A., Moreno Gómez G.A., Alzate J.A., Olaya Gómez J.C., Cortés Bonilla I, & Vargas Mosquera C. (2020). Geographic mapping of Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype in Pereira, Colombia. BMC Infectious Diseases, 20, 540.

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Automated Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

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Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by broth microdilution using the automated BD Phoenix system (Becton, Dickinson, France) according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. In brief, colonies were suspended in BD Phoenix ID broth to obtain approximately a 0.5 McFarland (1.5 × 10⁸-CFU/ml) suspension. Broth was then placed on a BD Phoenix AP system that automatically adjusts the optical density and further dilutes the bacterial suspension in BD Phoenix AST broth (a cation-adjusted formulation of Mueller-Hinton broth containing 0.01% Tween 80) to obtain a final bacterial concentration in the AST broth of approximately 5 × 10⁵ CFU/ml. A redox indicator was then added to the AST broth. Inoculated AST broth was then poured into a BD Phoenix NMIC-417 panel, loaded into the BD Phoenix M50 instrument, and incubated at 35°C ± 1°C. Results were interpreted by the BD EpiCenter system according to CASFM-EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) 2019 V1 breakpoints.

Trouillon J., Ragno M., Simon V., Attrée I, & Elsen S. (2021). Transcription Inhibitors with XRE DNA-Binding and Cupin Signal-Sensing Domains Drive Metabolic Diversification in Pseudomonas. mSystems, 6(1), e00753-20.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Testing of Bacterial Isolates

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Bacterial isolates were recovered from frozen storage at −80°C and serially passaged twice on 5% sheep’s blood agar (Remel, Lenexa, KS) prior to experimental testing. Organisms were defined as multidrug-resistant if they exhibited resistance to at least three of the major antibiotic classes (aminoglycosides, β-lactams, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones) or produced either extended spectrum β-lactamases or K. pneumoniae carbapenemases [33 ]. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the BD Phoenix™ system (Becton-Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) per the manufacturer’s instructions. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was interpreted according to the criteria of the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute [34 ].

Akers K.S., Mende K., Cheatle K.A., Zera W.C., Yu X., Beckius M.L., Aggarwal D., Li P., Sanchez C.J., Wenke J.C., Weintrob A.C., Tribble D.R, & Murray C.K. (2014). Biofilms and persistent wound infections in United States military trauma patients: a case–control analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14, 190.

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Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Clinical Isolates

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Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 11229), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis, ATCC 29212), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae, ATCC 10031), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 6538) strains were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). The multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and multi-sensitive (MS) bacteria were collected from clinical isolates from the Unit of Virology and Microbiology of University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy. Bacterial identification was carried out via MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany), and the antibiotic resistance patterns were evaluated by the BD Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Resistance profiles for ATCC and clinical isolate tested strains (Table 1 and Table 2) are reported in our previous work [20 (link)].

More P.R., Zannella C., Folliero V., Foglia F., Troisi R., Vergara A., Franci G., De Filippis A, & Galdiero M. (2022). Antimicrobial Applications of Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum. Pharmaceutics, 14(11), 2457.

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